PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I Psychopath A Snakes in Suits B Characteristics C Autonomic Nervous System and Fear II Antisocial Personality Disorder III Sociopath IV Anxiety Disorders A Panic Disorder B Generalized Anxiety Disorder C Post Traumatic Stress Disorder D Phobias E Obsessive Compulsive Disorder V Somatoform Disorders A Somatization B Hypochondriasis C Conversion VI Dissociative Disorders Outline of Current Lecture I Traditional Insight Therapies A Psychoanalysis B Client Centered II Behavior Therapy A Desensitization B Relaxation Technique Training C Anxiety Hierarchy III Cognitive Therapy A Beck s Therapy B Ellis s Therapy C Pennebaker s Writing Therapy IV EMDR V Evaluation of Psychotherapy VI Psychosurgery A Prefrontal Lobotomy These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Current Lecture l A Psychoanalysis was created by Sigmund Freud and it was considered directed therapy because the therapist directed the therapy The therapist guides patient into exploration of unconscious thoughts feelings and motives The patient s dreams and reflections during therapy are interpreted by the therapist B Client Centered therapy was created by Carl Rogers and is considered non directed therapy The patient guides their own exploration of unconscious thoughts motives and feelings Therapist validates insights through verbal reformulation ll Behavior therapy focuses on learned symptoms and their removal by new learning Exposure is when they present someone with something that causes their anxiety and eventually through repetition of this their anxiety goes away A Desensitization is when you are exposed to something that disturbs you with a low intensity level paired with a positive experience makes you have a positive experience instead of negative with anxiety B Relaxation Technique is associated with muscle relaxation with anxiety related thoughts and imagery C Anxiety hierarchy is anxiety stimuli arranged in hierarchy from mild to intense and the person is exposed to material while engaged in muscle relaxation Eventually anxiety related material becomes associated with response and relaxation lll Cognitive Therapy changes beliefs and thoughts very good at dealing with certain kinds of problems dealing with irrational beliefs A Beck s Therapy deals with people who are depressed The person is maneuvered into evaluating depression in a different way B Ellis changes attitudes and beliefs to get different emotions C Pennebaker noted that after written confession there were visible signs of relaxation of autonomic nervous system sympathetic responding Writing about traumatic material improves over time and rate of illness drops Talking about same material isn t as effective in reducing stress Writing can be self administered therapy lV EMDR stands for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy They have people revisit material that evokes negative emotions and their eyes follow a finger moving back and forth then they have to blank out the visual image inhale deeply and then they would get better They think this works because it balances out the system V Positive outcomes must exceed spontaneous remission rate Psychological stress is episodic People seek therapy during stress and therapy may simply be correlated with the end of the psychotic episode This can lead to confusing correlation and causation Psychotherapy works best with depression and anxiety disorders Vl Psychosurgery includes trephination rocks in the head vapors and frontal lobotomy This is irreversible surgery done on the brain to cure psychological disorders A The typical outcome of prefrontal lobotomy was lack of motivation inability to plan and instances of impulsivity Patients were more manageable however 60 000 people were subjected to this