PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I Externality II Sexual Motivation III Achievement Motivation IV Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation V Emotions A James Lange Theory B Cannon Bard Theory C Schacter s Two Factor Theory D Context E Patterns of Autonomic Nervous System VI Facial Feedback A Pencil Experiment B Botox C Postural Feedback VII Fear and Anxiety Outline of Current Lecture I Sleep A Sleep Stages B Sleep and Memory C Sleep Deprivation D Sleep Learning E Dreams II Personality A Topics of Interest B Modern C Personality Change D Projective Tests E Objective Tests III Sigmund Freud A Ego B Superego C Id D Defense Mechanisms These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute E Developmental Stages Current Lecture l A There are 5 different sleep stages 1 Theta Waves 2 Spindles 3 Delta Waves slow wave 4 Delta waves increase slow wave 5 Rapid Eye Movement Sleep REM sleep B Recent studies indicate that consolidation of memory occurs in sleep REM sleep deprivation interferes with your recall of learned material C Higher ratings of sleepiness in truck drivers was associated with as high as 185 times higher risk of accident 49 hours of sleep deprivation was associated with increased risk taking Naps immediately before working a night shift can reduce car wrecks by 48 D In an experiment exposure to Chinese English word pairs is not facilitated by exposure during sleep There is no evidence for significant learning during sleep E When we don t lose muscle tone during REM stage we sleepwalk REM sleep dreams are most emotional and vivid than dreams that occur in other sleep Dream content when reflecting actual prior experiences reflects the events of the day of the dream or events that occurred 7 days earlier 6 of dream content involves negative emotions or anxiety Dreams if they occurred during wakefulness would be sometimes similar to hallucinating and delusional thinking typical of people who have schizophrenia ll Personality is the characteristic ways of thinking feeling and behaving A Some topics of interest personality psychologists study are consistency of behavior personality assessment hereditary influences modeling socialization during childhood stress tolerance personal fulfillment and business applications B The Big Five Theory states 5 factors that can be measured that can sum up our personality Agreeableness consists of cooperative trusting and modest Conscientiousness constraint consists of diligent well organized and dependent Openness to experience imaginative vs practical consists of curiosity and creativeness Extraversion positive emotionality consists of social and upbeat Neuroticism negative emotionality consists of anxious and hostile C Personality measures change overtime with substantial changes in positive attributes during middle age which is why people who get married earlier than 26 have a higher divorce rate D Projective tests consist of Rorschach Ink Blot Test What do you see in this ink blot Thematic Perception Test What is happening on this test Draw a person Test Draw a picture of two people E Objective Tests consist of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 556 True and False Questions and 16 Personality Factors 187 True and False Undecided Questions lll Sigmund Freud studied the psychoanalytic theory of personality where it was all about the childhood and unconscious motivation A To study adult personality and behavior ego was the executive mediator or the conscious mind Ego consists of the tactics and strategies we employ to mediate between Id and Superego in order to satisfy mostly unconscious biological motives B Superego consisted of internalized ideals or preconscious where there was outside awareness but it was accessible These were mostly unconscious rules that influenced behavior C The Id was an unconscious psychic energy in the unconscious mind This referred to biologically compelling drives that yield pleasure when satisfied For Freud unconscious sexual and aggressive drives were influential D Some defense mechanism to withhold our unconscious drives are repression reaction formation regression rationalization displacement and projection Repression was the unconscious pushing of anxiety producing information out of one s awareness Reaction Formation is when we react the opposite e to which we actually think or feel Regression is the tendency to go back to earlier stages of personality development Rationalization is the substitution of acceptable reasons for behavior when the real motive was unacceptable Displacement is redirecting behaviors or emotions to ales threatening object Projection attributes our own often unacceptable attitudes beliefs or feelings onto others E Developmental Stages consists of Oral first year of life Anal 1 3 Phallic 3 5 and Genital Adolescence Oral consists of the gratification of dependency needs if these needs aren t met we become fixated on these needs and for the rest of our lives we try to get these needs Anal is when the child learns to comply with society s rules toilet training If things don t go well we become anal retentive holds pee when a child and becomes a control freak later in life or anal explosive pees on everything and detests complying with society s rules wild child The Phallic stage is when we develop an attraction towards opposite sex parents and resolves resulting conflict related to same sex parent by identifying with the same sex parent The genital stage is the emergence of adult sexuality