PSYC 1315 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Sleep A Sleep Stages B Sleep and Memory C Sleep Deprivation D Sleep Learning E Dreams II Personality A Topics of Interest B Modern C Personality Change D Projective Tests E Objective Tests III Sigmund Freud A Ego B Superego C Id D Defense Mechanisms E Developmental Stages Outline of Current Lecture I Stress and Health A Definition of stressor B Definition of stress II Hans Selye III Source of Stress IV Suppression of Immune System V Recently discovered 3rd path VI Bereaved Spouses VII Stress Experiments A Stress and Tumor Growth B Parents and Children with Cancer C Medevac Pilots and Crew VIII Stress Outlasts Duration of Stressor IX Implications of Job Related Stress These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Current Lecture l A A stressor causes stress It is the demand physical or psychological that s usually aversive and difficult to control Stressors also promote inflammatory activity that can compromise the cardiovascular system B Stress is the group of physiological and psychological changes triggered by a stressor ll Hans Selye discovered a common physiological response to a variety of different physical and psychological demands Popularized term stress is to denote consequences if demands Stage 1 is the Alarm Stage This is when the sympathetic nervous system is activated prepares for struggle and mobilizes resources Stage 2 is when there is a high resistance to stress possible depletion of body resources Stage 3 is the exhaustion stage where we have a depletion of bodily resources and possible illness and death lll The sources of stress occurs because of memory or environment This travels to the cerebral cortex which then travels to the hypothalamus where it splits into 2 parts One part goes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland where it secretes ACTH stimulates hormones and then travels to the adrenal cortex where it secretes corticosteroids The second path goes to the sympathetic nervous system and then the adrenal medulla where it secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline epinephrine and norepinephrine lV When we have elevated adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla the cortisol from the adrenal cortex suppresses our lymphocyte response of the immune system V This is a recently discovered 3rd path where the nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system go directly to lymph nodes to suppress lymphocyte activity Vl A loss of a spouse results in a compromised immune system and higher illness and death rates Caregivers take 24 longer for skin incisions to heal and dental students given a small mouth wounds take longer to heal when the cut is made before exam than during a summer vacation Vll A In rats levels of stress related to the levels of cortisol and growth rate of tumor placed inside them Their level of stress was being manipulated to 1 of 3 levels or not at all The faster the rats spun the faster their tumor grew B Parents of children with Leukemia showed variation in stress as appraisal of situation varied When children showed improvement parents became less stressed and showed physiological improvement C Medevac pilots in Vietnam showed low adrenal hormone levels while the crew members showed high levels carrying out rescue missions Level of risk was perceived as low by pilots and high by crew members How we perceive a situation determines our stress level Vlll Adrenal hormone response induced by stressor can persist after stressor is removed 3 things deal with stress cortisol adrenaline and noradrenaline Adrenaline disappears when stressor is gone noradrenaline continues to rise after stressor removal and cortisol goes down slowly after stressor removal lX Work regimens should appropriate for the type and level of job stress Police fire and emergency personnel need longer rest periods Job placement should consider individuals stress response