1!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Seed bearing plants without flowers and pistils - “naked seeds”!Gymn-asium =!!“naked house”!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Seed bearing plants without flowers and pistils - “naked seeds”!4 major groups recognized; sometimes as separate phyla!3 families of conifers only in Great Lakes region with 8 genera and 13 species!!Cupressaceae - junipers!!Pinaceae - pines, spruces!!Taxaceae - yews!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!General characteristics:!• Less diverse than ferns: 12 families, 80 genera, 820 species!• Woody: trees, shrubs, lianas, few epiphytes!• Worldwide, but more dominant in colder and arctic regions!2!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!General characteristics:!• Seeds!!• = mature ovule!• “naked seed” in cone!• No water required for sperm movement - pollen!• = male gametophyte (heterosporous!)!• pollinated by wind (mostly)!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Good books!!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Cupressaceae: cypress family!Leaves needle or scale-like!Opposite or whorled, persistant!Important rot resistant trees (redwood, cedar)!Thuja occidentalis!Arbor vitae, White cedar!Leaves opposite in 4 ranks!and heteromorphic!!Branches flattened!!Small woody cones!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Cupressaceae: cypress family!Leaves needle or scale-like!Opposite or whorled, persistant!Important rot resistant trees (redwood, cedar)!Juniperus!Junipers, Red cedar!Leaves closely appressed; can be scale-like or awl-like!!Branches not flattened!!Blue “berry” cones!3!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Cupressaceae: cypress family!Juniperus virginiana!Red cedar!Juniperus communis!Common juniper!Juniperus horizontalis!Creeping juniper!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Taxaceae: yew family!Taxus canadensis!American yew!Ground hemlock!Leaves needle-like, spreading in one plane - 2 ranked!No cones, single seed in fleshy aril, but seeds naked!1 genus Taxus; taxol drug from western T. brevifolia!Apostle Islands stand with no deer!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Taxaceae: yew family!Taxus cuspidata!Japanese yew!Leaves needle-like, spreading in one plane - 2 ranked!No cones, single seed in fleshy aril, but seeds naked!1 genus Taxus; taxol drug from western T. brevifolia!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!6 genera, 200 species of Northern Hemisphere!Foliage leaves needle-like, alternate or fascicled!Many seeds enclosed in fleshy to woody cone, with conspicuous cone scales!Pinus strobus!White pine!Alleghenian element!4!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!Pinus resinosa Red pine!- more xeric than white pine!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!Pinus banksiana - Jack pine!- most xerix of the pines!- showing serotinous cones!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!Pinus banksiana - Jack pine!!- Keystone species involving glacial geology, jack pine bud worm, defoliation, fire, serotinous cones, endangered Kirtland’s warbler, and parasitic cowbird!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!7 year old jack pine site – Crawford Co. MI!“sand counties” due to glacial melt off!5!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!Endangered Kirtland’s Warbler basically restricted to these sand counties in MI and to young stands of jack pine!Jack pine bud worm infestations allow fire and cyclical formation of new stands of jack pine!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!Parasitic cowbird (and suppression of fire) almost caused the Kirthland’s warbler go extinct !Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!Abies balsamea!Balsam fir!Larix laricina!Larch, tamarack!Pinophyta - Gymnosperms!Pinaceae: pine family!Picea glauca!White spruce!Picea mariana!Black spruce!Tsuga canadensis!Eastern
View Full Document
Unlocking...