2/27/10!1!Asterids!Asterids is the second of the two large groups of eudicots; we have just completed the Rosids!Asterids:!Fused petals!Rosids:!Separate petals!Asterids!(1) fused petals!(2) stamens = or less than number of petals!(3) stamens fused to petals!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Worldwide family of subshrubs, shrubs, epiphytes, and small trees. Characteristic of nutrient poor soils; in Wisconsin common in bogs, acidic pine dominated forests, or sandy soils. !Leatherleaf in bog!Ericaceae now includes the totally fungus dependent mycotrophs - non chlorophyllous, all food and water from fungi!Pinesap in pine forest!Symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal relationship, forming haustoria - root to fungus connection, permits nutrient uptake by plants, carbon uptake by fungus.!2/27/10!2!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Ledum!Labrador tea!Note revolute leaves!Chimaphila!shinleaf!Arctostaphylos!bearberry!Plants are generally evergreen, with tough, leathery leaves often revolute or inrolled along edge of leaf, with sunken stomata, and bottom of leaves often covered with protective hairs!Ericaceae - blueberry family!CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 8-10 G (4-5)!Calyx and corolla are fused, the corolla tube bell or vase shaped - most of our species are 5 merous!Stamens are 2X the number of petals; they often exhibit terminal pores for pollen release - rather than slits - for buzz pollination by bees!__!Ericaceae - blueberry family!CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 8-10 G (4-5)!Pistil is superior in most genera, but inferior in blueberries and relatives!Fruit a berry or capsule with 4-5 partitions and many seeds !__!Superior pistil!Inferior pistil!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Andromeda glaucophylla - bog rosemary!Bog rosemary has alternate leaves, revolute, and glaucous (white powdery) on the undersides!2/27/10!3!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Arctostaphylos uva-ursi!Bearberry!Creeping subshrub often seen on beaches !“uva-ursi” translates as bearberry, indicating at least one dispersal agent of the plant!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Leatherleaf is often a dominant shrubby member of bogs. Has an extensive stem and root system under the peat. Leaves are glandular dotted. Fruit is a dry berry/capsule.!Chamaedaphne calyculata!leatherleaf!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Epigaea repens!Trailing arbutus!Gaultheria procumbens!wintergreen!Gaultheria hispidula!creeping snowberry!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Ledum groenlandicum!Labrador tea!Kalmia polifolia - pale laurel!2 bog genera!2/27/10!4!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Rhododendron lapponicum - lapland rosebay!Endangered!Circumboreal species found in Wisconsin only in driftless area and on cliffs along Wisconsin and Kickapoo River gorges !Ericaceae - blueberry family!V. macrocarpon!cranberry!Vaccinium myrtilloides!Velvet-leaf blueberry!Vaccinium angustifolium!Lowbush blueberry!Blueberries and cranberries are inferior ovaried and berry fruited!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Gaylussacia baccata!huckleberry!Similar to blueberries with which it is often confused; but flowers mainly reddish, fruits mature to more blackish color and more crunchy with 10 “stones”, reddish resin dots on leaves!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Chimaphila umbellata!pipsissewa!Pyrola rotundifolia!Round-leaved shinleaf!Former Pyrolaceae!2/27/10!5!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Moneses uniflora!One-flowered shinleaf!Former Pyrolaceae!Ericaceae - blueberry family!Monotropa hypopithys!pinesap!Monotropa uniflora!Indian-pipe!Pterospora andromedea!Giant pinedrops!Endangered!Mycotrophs from the old family Monotropaceae!Primulaceae - primrose family!Chiefly north temperate family of herbs; 20 genera and about 1000 species. In Wisconsin we have 5 genera and about 15 species.!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (5)!5 merous, stamens attached unto petals, and opposite the petals rather than the sepals!Dodecatheon - shooting star! Lysimachia - loosestrife!Primulaceae - primrose family!Chiefly north temperate family of herbs; 20 genera and about 1000 species. In Wisconsin we have 5 genera and about 15 species.!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (5)!Pistil is superior, unilocular, with free-central placentation, fruit a capsule!Dodecatheon - shooting star!2/27/10!6!Primulaceae - primrose family!Primula - the classic study organism for heterostyly by Darwin!Primulaceae - primrose family!Primula - the classic study organism for heterostyly by Darwin!Pollen and stigmatic differences in thrum (L) and pin (R) flowers!Primulaceae - primrose family!Dodecatheon meadii!shooting star!D. amethystinum!Western shooting star!Basal leaves!Primulaceae - primrose family!Lysimachia ciliata!Fringed loosestrife!Lysimachia thyrsiflora!Tufted loosestrife,!Swamp candles!Opposite leaves!Lysimachia nummularia!Moneywort, !Creeping Charlie!2/27/10!7!Primulaceae - primrose family!Trientalis borealis!Starflower!Ubiquitous woodland herb with whorl of leaves just below single flower!Flower is unusual with 7 merous perianth; note how stamens are lined up with petals rather than sepals!Whorled leaves!Sarraceniaceae - pitcher plant family!Sarracenia purpurea - pitcher plant!Insectivorous family of 3 genera; 1 species in Wisconsin.!Pitfall trap (pitcher) from modified leaf; luring color, odor, downward projecting hairs, slippery slope, drowning pool, digesting enzymes!Sarraceniaceae - pitcher plant family!Sarracenia purpurea - pitcher plant!All adaptations to live in nutrient (N) poor habitats; mainly in bogs, but also in fens, lake edges, swales of Great Lakes!Insectivorous family of 3 genera; 1 species in Wisconsin.!Pitfall trap (pitcher) from modified leaf; luring color, odor, downward projecting hairs, slippery slope, drowning pool, digesting enzymes!Sarraceniaceae - pitcher plant family!CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G (5)!Sarracenia purpurea - pitcher plant!5 merous flower; unusual peltate stigma; flower structure ensures outcrossing by bees!2/27/10!8!Polemoniaceae - phlox family!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (3)!5 merous flowers, corolla tube with 5 stamens fused to inside of tube, often at different heights; 3 fused carpels and 3 styles!Polemoniaceae - phlox family!Phlox divaricata - woodland phlox!2 genera in Wisconsin!Phlox has opposite leaves !Polemoniaceae - phlox family!Phlox glaberrima - smooth phlox!Endangered; restricted to wet prairies and sedge meadows of SE Wisconsin!Polemoniaceae - phlox family!Phlox pilosa - prairie phlox!Common in prairies!2/27/10!9!Polemoniaceae - phlox family!Polemonium reptans - Jacob’s ladder!Alternate leaved spring flowering plant