The Primitive Eudicots![cont.]!Berberidaceae - barberry family!• widespread in temperate regions of Northern hemisphere - ArctoTertiary relict distribution!• 3 native genera to Wisconsin + Berberis!• small shrubs (Berberis) or herbs (rest of family). !CA 3+3 CO 3+3 A 12-18 G 1 [monocarpic]!Berberis thunbergii!Japanese barberry!Berberidaceae - barberry family!Berberis thunbergii!Japanese barberry!Fruits = berry!Berberis vulgaris!Common barberry!• alternate host of the stem rust of wheat!• programs to irradicate plant in midwest!Berberidaceae - barberry family!Caulophyllum thalictroides - Blue cohosh!• leaves 3X compound!• developing ovules break ovary wall so it is a naked seed with fleshy blue seed coat!• medicinally important for North American native Americans.!Berberidaceae - barberry family!Jeffersonia diphylla - twinleaf!• Special concern species in Wisconsin. One species in Eastern North America and one species in Eastern Asia. !!• Only member of the family that is 4-merous rather than 3-merous!Berberidaceae - barberry family!Forms large colonies of deeply lobed, peltate leaves whose umbrella like aspect is emphasized as they emerge from the ground, slits in anthers!Podophyllum peltatum!May-apple!Berberidaceae - barberry family!May-apple and other members of the family are attacked by the same family of rusts - Pucciniaceae.!Podophyllum peltatum!May-apple!Berberidaceae - barberry family!monocarpic:!note marginal placentation!• Solitary flowers only on stems with 2 leavespistil is monocarpic !• develops into fleshy berry (“apple-like”)!Menispermaceae - moonseed family!Menispermum canadense!moonseed!• Mainly tropical family, usually viney!• Leaves almost peltate, palmately veined and lobed!• Dioecious; separate carpels each produce one seeded drupes = fleshy with one bony seed !• Seed is curved, moon-shaped!• Poisonous fruit, mimics wild grapes!Papaveraceae - poppy family!• Includes old family Fumariaceae – Natives, garden plants and drugs (opium/heroin) !• Herbaceous, alternate compound leaves with colored latex!CA 2 CO 4-12 A ∞ G (2- ∞) !Capsule = dehiscing syncarpic fruit!Papaver - poppy (cultivated)! Chelidonium - celadine (cultivated)!Papaveraceae - poppy family!Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot!Petals 8-12 with many stamens, red-orange sap abundant, used as ceremonial paint!Previously treated as Fumariaceae – or the “zygomorphic” poppies!!Spring ephemerals from below ground corms or rhizomes. Disappear during late spring.!Dicentra cucullaria - Dutchman’s breeches!(with Asarum canadense - wild ginger)!Papaveraceae - poppy family!• Herb with watery juices. !• Leaves alternate, often pinnately compound. !• Zygomorphic or bilateral symmetry!• 2 sepals, 4 petals modified into sacs or spurs!• stamens united into 2 groups!• 2 fused carpels!Dicentra cucullaria - Dutchman’s breeches!Fruit = capsule splitting into two parts!Papaveraceae - poppy family!Dicentra canadensis - Squirrel corn!Dicentra - Bleeding heart!Corydalis sempervirens - pink corydalis!Papaveraceae - poppy family!Dicentra spectabilis - Bleeding heart!Papaveraceae - poppy family!More Primitive Eudicots!Proteales!Unusual group of 3 families, two of which we have in Wisconsin!!Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily family!!Platanaceae - sycamore family !!!A third family, Proteaceae, is almost entirely restricted to the southern hemisphere!!All 3 share unusual fruiting structures!Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily family!Family of one genus and two species - the second one in East Asia (sacred oriental lotus lily)!Previously considered closely related to water lilies of Nymphaeaceae —convergence in the aquatic plants!!Nelumbo lutea - lotus lily!Nymphaea odorata - water lily!• Habit is an aquatic, floating or emergent leaved, perennial herb. !• Leaves are simple, peltate.!• Inflorescence is a solitary flower.!Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily family!Stamens numerous and filamentous - with filament and anther vs. laminar stamens in water lilies!Nelumbo lutea!Spiralled perianth of many parts with little distinction between sepals and petals- tepals!Restricted south of tension zone!P ∞ A ∞ G ( ∞ ) !Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily family!Nelumbo lutea!Separate, superior one-seeded carpels but held in the cavities of the obconical receptacle!P ∞ A ∞ G ( ∞ ) !Nelumbonaceae - lotus lily family!Nelumbo lutea!The “fruit” of the lotus lily is a woody receptacle cone with a nut-like seed laying loose in each cavity.!!Seeds & starchy rhizome eaten by Native Americans.!Nelumbo lutea!P ∞ A ∞ G ( ∞ ) !Platanaceae - sycamore family!Family of 1 genus with 10 species of northern hemisphere trees – Coastal plain element! !!Trunk has distinctive flaky bark when young; leaves maple-like but alternate.!Platanus occidentalis - sycamore!Platanaceae - sycamore family!Trees monoecious with spherical clusters of numerous unisexual male or female reduced flowers - wind pollinated like most trees. Apocarpic with 3-5 pistils per flower.!Platanus occidentalis sycamore!Fruiting structures composed of numerous one-seeded achenes with basal tuft of hairs.!achene!Ants are known to be effective seed dispersers in several species.!Platanaceae - sycamore family!The European plane tree is a hybrid between the eastern North American and central Asian sycamores - Platanus x acerifolia - and is more tolerant to