3/6/14!1!Diversity of Wisconsin Asterids!. . . dogwoods, blueberries, and primroses . . . !Asterids!Asterids is the second of the two large groups of eudicots; we have just completed the Rosids!Asterids:!!Fused petals!Rosids:!!Separate petals!Asterids!(1) fused petals!(2) stamens = or less than number of petals!(3) stamens fused to petals!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Worldwide family of subshrubs, shrubs, epiphytes, and small trees. Characteristic of nutrient poor soils; in Wisconsin common in bogs, acidic pine dominated forests, or sandy soils. !Leatherleaf in bog!Ericaceae now includes the totally fungus dependent mycotrophs - non chlorophyllous, all food and water from fungi!Pinesap in pine forest!Symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal relationship, forming haustoria - root to fungus connection, permits nutrient uptake by plants, carbon uptake by fungus.!3/6/14!2!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Rhododendron (Ledum)!Labrador tea!Note revolute leaves!Chimaphila!shinleaf!Arctostaphylos!bearberry!Plants are generally evergreen, with tough, leathery leaves often revolute or inrolled along edge of leaf, with sunken stomata, and bottom of leaves often covered with protective hairs!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 8-10 G (4-5)!Calyx and corolla are fused, the corolla tube bell or vase shaped - most of our species are 5 merous!Stamens are 2X the number of petals; they often exhibit terminal pores for pollen release - rather than slits - for buzz pollination by bees!__!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!CA (4-5) CO (4-5) A 8-10 G (4-5)!Pistil is superior in most genera, but inferior in blueberries and relatives!!Fruit a berry or capsule with 4-5 partitions and many seeds !Superior pistil!Inferior pistil!__!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Andromeda glaucophylla - bog rosemary!Bog rosemary has alternate leaves, revolute, and glaucous (white powdery) on the undersides!3/6/14!3!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Leatherleaf is often a dominant shrubby member of bogs. Has an extensive stem and root system under the peat. Leaves are glandular dotted. Fruit is a dry berry/capsule.!Chamaedaphne calyculata!leatherleaf!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Rhododendron groenlandicum!(formerly Ledum ) Labrador tea!Kalmia polifolia - pale laurel!2 bog genera!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!V. macrocarpon!cranberry!Vaccinium myrtilloides!Velvet-leaf blueberry!Vaccinium angustifolium!Lowbush blueberry!Blueberries and cranberries are inferior ovaried and berry fruited!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Chimaphila umbellata!pipsissewa!Pyrola rotundifolia!Round-leaved shinleaf!Former Pyrolaceae!3/6/14!4!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Moneses uniflora!One-flowered shinleaf!Former Pyrolaceae!**Ericaceae - blueberry family!Hypopitys monotropa!(Monotropa hypopithys)!pinesap!Monotropa uniflora!Indian-pipe!Pterospora andromedea!Giant pinedrops!Endangered!Mycotrophs from the old family Monotropaceae!*Primulaceae - primrose family!Chiefly north temperate family of herbs; 20 genera and about 1000 species. In Wisconsin we have 5 genera and about 15 species. [Note: Michigan Flora separates into Primulaceae + Myrsinaceae]!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (5)!5 merous, stamens attached unto petals, and opposite the petals rather than the sepals!Primula (Dodecatheon) - shooting star! Lysimachia - loosestrife!*Primulaceae - primrose family!Chiefly north temperate family of herbs; 20 genera and about 1000 species. In Wisconsin we have 5 genera and about 15 species. [Note: Michigan Flora separates into Primulaceae + Myrsinaceae]!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (5)!Pistil is superior, unilocular, with free-central placentation, fruit a capsule!Primula (Dodecatheon) - shooting star!3/6/14!5!*Primulaceae - primrose family!Primula - the classic study organism for heterostyly by Darwin!Pollen and stigmatic differences in thrum (L) and pin (R) flowers!*Primulaceae - primrose family!Primula meadii!shooting star!P. amethystinum!Western shooting star!Basal leaves!both formerly in Dodecatheon !*Primulaceae - primrose family!Lysimachia ciliata!Fringed loosestrife!Lysimachia thyrsiflora!Tufted loosestrife,!Swamp candles!Opposite leaves!Lysimachia nummularia!Moneywort, !Creeping Charlie!*Primulaceae - primrose family!Trientalis borealis!Starflower!Ubiquitous woodland herb with whorl of leaves just below single flower!!Flower is unusual with 7 merous perianth; note how stamens are lined up with petals rather than sepals!Whorled leaves!3/6/14!6!*Sarraceniaceae - pitcher plant family!Sarracenia purpurea - pitcher plant!Insectivorous family of 3 genera; 1 species in Wisconsin.!!Pitfall trap (pitcher) from modified leaf; luring color, odor, downward projecting hairs, slippery slope, drowning pool, digesting enzymes!*Sarraceniaceae - pitcher plant family!Sarracenia purpurea - pitcher plant!All adaptations to live in nutrient (N) poor habitats; mainly in bogs, but also in fens, lake edges, swales of Great Lakes!Insectivorous family of 3 genera; 1 species in Wisconsin.!!Pitfall trap (pitcher) from modified leaf; luring color, odor, downward projecting hairs, slippery slope, drowning pool, digesting enzymes!*Sarraceniaceae - pitcher plant family!CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G (5)!Sarracenia purpurea - pitcher plant!5 merous flower; unusual peltate stigma; flower structure ensures outcrossing by bees!**Polemoniaceae - phlox family!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (3)!5 merous flowers, corolla tube with 5 stamens fused to inside of tube, often at different heights; 3 fused carpels and 3 styles!3/6/14!7!**Polemoniaceae - phlox family!Phlox divaricata - woodland phlox!2 genera in Wisconsin!Phlox has opposite leaves !**Polemoniaceae - phlox family!Polemonium reptans - Jacob’s ladder!Alternate leaved spring flowering plant of woodlands and openings [great Botany 401 final exam species!] !**Polemoniaceae - phlox family!Polemonium occidentale – western polemonium!Endangered species – Western Disjunct!*Balsaminaceae - jewelweed family!Impatiens capensis - orange jewelweed!Small family of juicy-stemmed herbs with spurred sepals; we have two species!Impatiens pallida - yellow jewelweed!3/6/14!8!*Balsaminaceae - jewelweed family!Fruit is explosive to the touch - !!so also called touch-me-nots!Mature ripe capsule!Capsule sprun open!**Cornaceae - dogwood family!• Opposite (except for one) leaved shrubs or subshrubs!• Arcuate (arcing) venation!**Cornaceae - dogwood family!CA 4 CO 4 A 4 G (2)!__!Flowers small, grouped in tight inflorescences often with 4