3/12/14!1!Diversity and Evolution of Asterids!. . . mints and snapdragons . . . !*Boraginaceae - borage family!Widely distributed, large family of alternate leaved plants. Typically hairy. Typically possess helicoid or scorpiod cymes = compound monochasium. Many are poisonous or used medicinally.!Mertensia virginica - Eastern bluebells!*Boraginaceae - borage family!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (2)!Gynobasic style; not terminal style which is usual in plants; this feature is shared with the mint family (Lamiaceae) which is not related!2 carpels each with 2 ovules are separated at maturity and each further separated into 1 ovuled compartments!!Fruit typically 4 nutlets!Myosotis - forget me not!*Boraginaceae - borage family!Echium vulgare!Blueweed, viper’s bugloss!!adventive!3/12/14!2!*Boraginaceae - borage family!Hackelia virginiana!Beggar’s-lice!Myosotis scorpioides!Common forget-me-not!*Boraginaceae - borage family!Lithospermum canescens!Hoary puccoon!Lithospermum incisium!Fringed puccoon!*Boraginaceae - borage family!Lithospermum canescens!Hoary puccoon!• Lithospermum (puccoon) - classic dimorphic heterostyly!pin! thrum!*Boraginaceae - borage family!Mertensia virginica!Eastern bluebells!Botany 401 final field exam plant!!3/12/14!3!Hydrophyllum virginianum - Common waterleaf!Leaves compound or lobed and “water-marked”!Botany 401 final field exam plant!!*Boraginaceae - borage family!**Oleaceae - olive family!CA (4) CO (4) or 0 A 2 G (2)!• Woody plants, opposite leaves!• 4 merous actinomorphic or regular flowers!Syringa vulgaris - Lilac!cultivated!**Oleaceae - olive family!Forsythia intermedia / suspensa!Goldenbell, forsythia!introduced!Ligustrum vulgare!European privet!planted, invasive!CA (4) CO (4) or 0 A 2 G (2)!• Woody plants, opposite leaves!• 4 merous actinomorphic or regular flowers!**Oleaceae - olive family!Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Red, green ash!• Ashes have compound leaves, other genera are simple!• Ashes have diamond-shaped furrows on the bark!Male flowers! Female flowers!• Ashes are unisexual, other genera are bisexual!CA (4) CO (4) or 0 A 2 G (2)!3/12/14!4!**Oleaceae - ash family!Fraxinus americana!White ash!• Ashes have 1-seeded samaras!• Note opposite, compound leaves and furrowed bark!Fraxinus americana!White ash!**Lamiaceae - mint family!CA (5) CO (2+3) A 4,2 G (2)!• Strong odors (mint, peppermint, sage, rosemary)!• Squarish stems with opposite leaves!• Flowers in verticels = clustered flowers at a node!**Lamiaceae - mint family!CA (5) CO (2+3) A 4,2 G (2)!• Strongly 2-lipped corolla with 4 or 2 stamens inserted!• Bilabiate — family is called Labiatae!**Lamiaceae - mint family!CA (5) CO (2+3) A 4,2 G (2)!• Strongly 2-lipped corolla with 4 or 2 stamens inserted!• Bilabiate — family is called Labiatae!• Important for bee pollination - key innovation for Salvia?!3/12/14!5!**Lamiaceae - mint family!CA (5) CO (2+3) A 4,2 G (2)!• 2 carpels but gynobasic as in Boraginaceae!• 4 nutlets!**Lamiaceae - mint family!Glechoma hederacea - creeping charlie!Naturalized and invasive!**Lamiaceae - mint family!Leonurus cardiaca - motherwort, naturalized!Cardiac glycosides such as leonuridin!**Lamiaceae - mint family!Lycopus americanus!Water horehound!Lycopus uniflorus!Water horehound!3/12/14!6!**Lamiaceae - mint family!Monarda punctata - horsemint, spotted bee-balm!Monarda fistulosa - bee-balm, wild bergamot!**Lamiaceae - mint family!Nepeta cataria - catnip! Prunella vulgaris - selfheal!**Lamiaceae - mint family!Scuttelaria parvula!skullcap!Salvia -sage!(ornamental)!*Verbenaceae - vervain family!Verbena hastata!Blue vervain!• Like Lamiaceae!• Squarish stems with opposite, serrate leaves!• Inflorescence often spike-like!• Flowers with terminal style, not lipped!• Fruits usually nutlets (but not gynobasic) or drupes!CA (5) CO (5) A 4 G (2)!3/12/14!7!*Verbenaceae - vervain family!Verbena stricta - Hoary vervain!Phyla lanceolata - fogfruit!Phrymaceae – lopseed family!Phyrma leptostachya!lopseed!Scrophulariaceae - figwort family!Scrophularia marilandica - eastern figwort, carpenter’s-square!Verbascum blattaria - moth mullein!Scrophulariaceae - figwort family!Verbascum thapsus - common mullein weedy biennial (1st year as a rosette)!3/12/14!8!Chelone glabra - turtlehead!Veronicastrum virginicum!Culver’s-root!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!• Large family!• Zygomorphic flowers!• Capsules!Linaria vulgaris - butter and eggs!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!Veronica catenata - water speedwell!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!Veronica persica!Bird’s-eye speedwell!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!3/12/14!9!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!Plantago - plantain!Plantago (plantains) are wind pollinated derivatives within this animal pollinated family. Leaves are basal and with strongly arcuate venation. Note the circumscissle capsule below.!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!Plantago lanceolata - English plantain!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!Plantago major - common plantain!*Plantaginaceae - plantain family!Plantago patagonica- wooly plantain!3/12/14!10!CA (4-5) CO (2+3) A 5, 2+2, 2 G (2)!Stamens 5, or 2 sets of 2, or reduced to 2.!Gynoecium bi-carpellate, axile placentation, and usually producing many seeded capsules.!**Orobanchaceae – broomrape family!**Orobanchaceae – broomrape family!Castilleja coccinea - Indian paintbrush!Group C of hemi-parasites related to Orobanchaceae!Castilleja sessiflora - downy paintbrush!**Orobanchaceae – broomrape family!Pedicularis canadensis - wood betony!Pedicularis lanceolata - swamp lousewort!**Orobanchaceae – broomrape family!3/12/14!11!Holo-parasitic family (totally non-green) with snapdragon like flowers!!Now shown to be closely related to the hemi-parasitic genera of Scrophulariaceae only!Conopholis americana (squaw-root)!**Orobanchaceae – broomrape family!Orobanche fasciculata - fascicled broomrape!Threatened: grows only on Artemisia campestris - wormwood!!Orobanche uniflora!One-flowered broomrape!**Orobanchaceae – broomrape family!Epifagus virginiana - beech drops!Grows only on roots of beech (Fagus)!haustoria!**Orobanchaceae – broomrape family!*Lentibulariaceae - bladderwort family!Insectivorous herbs, aquatic or of wetlands. Wisconsin has 2 of the 3 genera — Utricularia (bladderworts) with mouse-trap like modified leaves