1!The Primitive Flowering Plants!Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants!Primitive Angiosperms!We will begin our survey of Great Lakes’ flowering plants by examining the primitive angiosperms - those groups that are now shown to be the oldest diverging. !We will look at the “Monocots” - another primitive angiosperm group but very large - at the end of the class. !These include all the groups shown here except “Eudicots” – a very very large group of advanced flowering plants.!The Flower"fusion of floral parts!Adnation: fusion of floral parts from different whorls!Connation: fusion of floral parts from same whorl!Primitive angiosperms tend to have floral parts not fused !Magnoliaceae - magnolia family!Not found in Wisconsin, but part of the Alleghenian flora. Tropical trees with ethereal oils which leads to a strong scent. They typically have simple, alternate entire leaves.!Floral parts are spiralled rather than whorled with an elongated receptacle!!P ∞ A ∞ G ∞!!Tepals, laminar stamens, apocarpic!Fruit = “cone” of follicles!!Dehiscent fruit with one suture, derived from one carpel!Magnolia!2!Derivation of the follicle fruit!1 floral ‘leaf’ or carpel!with ovules!Folded carpel! 1 carpel with 2 rows of seeds; the fruit opens along the 1 line of suture!Magnoliaceae - magnolia family!Tulip tree (Liriodendron) is also not native, but commonly planted. Most members of the family are pollinated by beetles which are attracted by smell and copious amount of stamens and pollen on which they feed.!Liriodendron - tulip tree, yellow poplar!Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family!8-10 genera and about 600 species worldwide; 1 species in Wisconsin. Mostly vines in the tropical regions, but herbs in temperate. The family occurs mostly in tropical forests and warm temperate scrub forests. !Aristolochia!Artistolochia clematis: doctrine of signatures!- birthwort, "well born", aristocrat for family name!The leaves of many herbaceous, basal angiosperms are cordate or heart-shaped; these groups often have been termed the paleoherbs.!Asarum!Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family!Creeping rhizome; pair of cordate (heart-shaped) per year; hairy plants with trichomes over the petioles, flower etc. !Asarum canadense - wild ginger!Used by eastern native Americans as a contraceptive, thick rhizome root can be cut up, boiled, and cooked in heavy sugar syrup to make candied ginger.!3!Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family!Asarum canadense - wild ginger!Red/brown flowers arise between the leaves; foetid smell suggests that it is fly or beetle pollinated.!The petals are almost absent. !Seeds are dispersed by ants; these seeds possess an aril-like structure.!CA 3 CO 0 A 12 G (6)!Inferior ovary with 3 sepals and the stamens arising from top.!_!Nymphaeaceae - water lily family!These are aquatic herbs and have an obvious ecological niche - they inhabit still waters!!Many of their characteristics reflect adaptations to this habitat.!• Floating or submersed leaves!• Air cavities in tissue!• Mucilaginous coverings!• Lack of vessels!Nymphaeaceae - water lily family!• Floating or submersed leaves!• Air cavities in tissue!• Mucilaginous coverings!• Lack of vessels!Convergence [unrelated plants with similar adaptations] common!Nymphaea - water lily! Nelumbo - lotus lily!Check out Birge Hall lobby “Aquatic Plants” display!!For extra credit on first exam, find one of two aquatic invasive genera in Great Lakes Region that have leaves just like Nymphaea – one is an Asterid and the other is a Monocot:!!N and H !Nymphaeaceae - water lily family!Nymphaea odorata - water lily!CA 3+ CO ∞ A ∞ G (∞)!• Showy flowers with strong scent attracting animals!• Many parts at each whorl!• Laminar stamens!• Superior, syncarpic pistil!4!Nymphaeaceae - water lily family!Petaloid sepals &!reduced petals!!Laminar stamens grading from petals to pistils!Nuphar variegata - yellow pond lily!Nymphaeaceae - water lily family!Superior pistil of many carpels!!Beetle pollination!Nuphar variegata - yellow pond lily!Brasenia shreberi - water shield!Small clonal floating aquatic!Peltate leaves!Wind pollinated![sometimes placed in Nymphaeaceae]!Cabombaceae - water shield family!Cabomba - fanwort!• submersed and floating leaved!• dimorphic leaves!• insect pollinated![sometimes placed in Nymphaeaceae]!Cabombaceae - water shield family!5!Ceratophyllaceae – coon’s-tail family!Ceratophyllum demersum - hornwort, coon’s-tail!Submersed aquatic recognized by whorled leaves dichotomously forked!!Reduced! and Unisexual flowers on same plant = monoecious!Propagates asexually by fragmentation!!The Primitive Eudicots!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!Largest family of the ranunculid lineage which is the first diverging group of true dicots = eudicots!!Worldwide but is centered in temperate and cold regions of the northern and southern hemispheres. 13 native genera, 53 species in WI, 20 of these in Ranunculus !Important family of our Wisconsin “Spring Flora” – you will see these species!!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!• Herbs, sometimes woody or herbaceous climbers or low shrubs - often poisonous !• Leaves, alternate sheathing, usually basal and cauline, often divided or compound, or palmately lobed. !!• No stipules. !6!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!CA 3+ CO (0)5+ A ∞ G 3+!• Flowers very variable: except many stamens and many free carpels (apocarpic)!• Floral shape varies: some actinomorphic/zygomorphic and some have spurs. Mostly insect and animal pollinated group. !• Mostly bisexual flowers, but some species dioecious!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!Fruits:!Follicles = ∞ seeded!dehiscent fruit!Berries = ∞ seeded!fleshy fruit!!Actaea - baneberry!Caltha - marsh marigold!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!Fruits:!Achenes = 1 seeded indehiscent, dry fruit!Anemone - thimbleweed with wind dispersed achenes!Ranunculus – buttercup with animal dispersed achenes!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!Aconitum columbianum - monks’ hood! Aconitum ‘noveboracense’ - monks’ hood!7!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!Actaea rubra - red baneberry! Actaea alba - white baneberry!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!Anemone patens - pasque flower!Anemone canadensis - Canada anemone!Ranunculaceae - buttercup family!Anemone patens - pasque flower!EXTRA CREDIT – digital image of pasque