3/6/10!1!Valerianaceae - valerian family!Family now included with Caprifoliaceae (long-styled genera). Herbaceous plants with opposite or basal leaves. !Valeriana uliginosa - marsh valerian!Valeriana edulis - edible valerian!Valerianaceae - valerian family!The congested inflorescence is part of the floral reduction seen in this group of Asterids. Reduction is also seen in calyx forming a pappus (bristly or scaly structure), and fruit is one-seeded achene. All three features are best seen in the Asteraceae - sunflower family.!Valeriana edulis - edible valerian!Dipsacaceae - teasel family!Family also included with Caprifoliaceae (long-styled genera). Herbaceous plants with opposite leaves. Besides, the congested inflorescence, pappus (bristly or scaly structure), and achene, the family further shows involucral bracts around the “head” inflorescence - another feature seen later in the Asteraceae - sunflower family.!Dipsacus fullonum - teasel!Introduced and adventive!pappus!Involucral bracts!3/6/10!2!Araliaceae - ginseng family!Largely a tropical family of trees, shrubs, or herbs (in Wisconsin). Often combined with the carrot family (Apiaceae). Leaves divided or up to 3 times or more compound; alternate in Aralia, whorled in Panax. Flowers in umbels. Distinctive aroma and chemicals.!Aralia hispida - bristly sarsaparilla! Aralia nudicaulis - wild sarsaparilla!Araliaceae - ginseng family!CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2-5)!__!Flowers small, non-asterid like (no corolla tube), 5 merous, with 2-5 fused inferior carpels forming berries (2 carpels and dry fruits in Apiaceae).!Aralia hispida - bristly sarsaparilla : note 5 styles!Araliaceae - ginseng family!Aralia elata!Hercule’s-club, Devil’s walking stick!SE USA native, escaped from cultivation!Aralia racemosa!spikenard!Araliaceae - ginseng family!Panax quinquefolius - American ginseng !Rich woods; leaflets are stalked. Heavily collected woodland species for roots; now listed as “Special concern” by DNR. Most commercial grade ginseng is farm grown (as in Wisconsin).!3/6/10!3!Araliaceae - ginseng family!Panax trifolius!Dwarf ginseng!Rich woods; leaflets are sessile!Araliaceae - ginseng family!Hedera helix!English ivy!Eurasia - N. Africa; invasive in U.S.!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Large family of 300 genera and over 3000 species most common in north temperate regions. Economically important (carrot, parsnip, parsley, celery, dill, caraway).!parsnip! carrot!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Aromatic herbs with hollow stems, dissected or compound leaves that are strongly sheathing, inflorescence umbellate !sheath!Heracleum lanatum - cow parsnip!3/6/10!4!• flowers small in umbels, often compound!• female flowers often along edge of each umbellate!• 5 merous with no corolla tube!• inferior gynoecium of 2 carpels separating at maturity!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)!__!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)!__!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Angelica atropurpurea - great angelica!Large coarse herb of wetter areas!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Cicuta bulbifera!Bulblet water hemlock!Cicuta maculata!spotted water hemlock!Although containing nasty compounds, Cicuta is not the hemlock that Socrates took. Common species of marshes and streams.!3/6/10!5!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Three common woodland genera!Cryptotaenia canadensis - honewort! Osmorhiza longistylis - sweet cicely!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Sanicula gregarii - snakeroot!Sanicula marilandica - snakeroot!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Daucus carota - wild carrot, Queen Anne’s lace!Note umbel with involucral bracts; larger female flowers along edge of umbel; the progenitor of cultivated carrot (same species); common weed !Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Eryngium yuccifolium!Rattlesnake master!Dry prairie species with sword-shaped leaves with spiny edge. Umbels has become literally a “head” as in Asteraceae.!3/6/10!6!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Heracleum lanatum!American cow-parsnip!Our most robust species in Wisconsin!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Pastinca sativa - wild parsnip!Introduced and spreading along roadsides. Dermatitic reaction from leaves is rapid but only in presence of UV light which causes precursor to change to phototoxin. Therefore, collect only by moonlight.!Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Zizea aurea - golden Alexanders!Hydrocotyle americana - marsh pennywort!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!A family mostly of herbs, but some secondarily woody, widely distributed in the temperate regions and in the montane tropics. Contains 65 genera and over 2200 species, with half belonging to Campanula and Lobelia. !• Family has alternate leaves and milky latex. !• Flowers are 5 merous and inferior ovaried.!3/6/10!7!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!The family is divided into two distinct subfamilies - Campanuloideae and Lobelioideae - distinguished by floral symmetry, staminal fusion, and carpel number. They are often considered as separate families (as in the UW Herbarium website).!Campanula - bellflower!Subfamily Campanuloideae!Lobelia - lobelia!Subfamily Lobelioideae!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Subfamily Campanuloideae!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (3-5)!__!Campanula and relatives have actinomorphic flowers, stamens not fused, and 3-5 fused carpels. Note the 3 styles of Campanula to the left.!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Campanula americana - tall bellflower!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Campanula rapunculoides!European bellflower!Campanula rotundifolia!Bluebell - circumboreal!3/6/10!8!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Triodanis perfoliata - Venus looking glass!Secondary pollen presentation!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Subfamily Lobelioideae!CA (5) CO (5) A (5) G (2)!__!Lobelia and relatives have zygomorphic flowers, stamens fused into a tube in which the pollen is shed, and 2 fused carpels. Style pushes pollen out through the tube.!Staminal tube!Style!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia cardinalis!Cardinal flower!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia siphilitica!Great blue lobelia!3/6/10!9!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia inflata!Indian tobacco!Lobelia spicata!Spiked lobelia!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia kalmii!Bog lobelia!Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia dortamanna!Water lobelia!Menyanthaceae - bog