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UW-Madison BOTANY 401 - Diversity and Evolution of Asterids

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Diversity and Evolution of Asterids!. . . honeysuckles, ginseng, and carrots . . . !Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae – viburnum and honeysuckle families!Two related woody families with opposite leaves and inferior ovary!Short-styled flowers vs. long-styled flowers!Viburnum – viburnum!Adoxaceae!Lonicera – honeysuckle!Caprifoliaceae!**Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family!Sambucus canadensis - Common elder!Coarse herbaceous shrub of open areas with compound leaves; flat-topped inflorescence; black berries used for wine!Corolla 5 merous, rotate, inferior ovary and berries with few seeds!Sambucus racemosa!Red-berried elder!Common in understory or edge of forests; fruits red in more panicled umbels!Botany 401 final exam plant!!**Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family!Viburnum opulus (trilobum) high-bush cranberry!Viburnums are simple leaved shrubs, but often lobed, or coarsely toothed!Note enlarged, sterile flowers on periphery of inflorescence for pollinator attraction!**Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family!Viburnum acerifolium-Maple-leaved viburnum!Viburnum lentago!nannyberry!Viburnum rafinesquianum - arrowwood!Other spring or early summer blooming species; many have glands on petioles!**Adoxaceae - honeysuckle family!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!Northern hemisphere family (and tropical mountains) species of shrubs or subshrubs – includes teasels and valerians!Lonicera - honeysuckle! Linnaea - twinflower!Family (and related families) recognized by opposite leaves and inferior ovary!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!CA (5) CO (5) A 4-5 G (2-5)!___!Flowers are 5 merous and either bell-shaped or strongly zygomorphic!Inferior ovary forms berry!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!Lonicera tatarica - tartarian honeysuckle!Lonicera canadensis - fly honeysuckle!Long-styled genera include 4 genera - and are now combined with Dipsacaceae (teasels) and Valerianaceae (valerians)!Honeysuckles include native (right) and introduced aggressive shrubs (below) or vines!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!Lonicera reticulata - grape honeysuckle!Lonicera dioica - red honeysuckle!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!Lonicera xylosteum - European fly honeysuckle!Lonicera X bella - pretty honeysuckle!Lonicera tatarica - tartarian honeysuckle!Leaf miners!invasives!Botany 401 final exam plant!!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!Diervilla lonicera - bush honeysuckle!Triosteum perfoliatum!Horse gentian!other native species!Note the “perfoliate” leaves - opposite leaves whose blade tissue continue across the stem and connect!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!!!Characteristic subshrub of (circum)boreal forests where it forms large colonies. Two flowers form per inflorescence. !Linnaea borealis - twinflower!!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!!Carolus Linneaus modestly named the genus after himself because of the diminuitive stature of the plant. !Linnaea borealis - twinflower!!Linnaeus on his wedding day!Herbaceous plants with opposite or basal leaves. !Valeriana uliginosa - marsh valerian!Valeriana edulis - edible valerian!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!The congested inflorescence is part of the floral reduction seen in this group of Asterids. Reduction is also seen in calyx forming a pappus (bristly or scaly structure), and fruit is one-seeded achene. All three features are best seen in the Asteraceae - sunflower family.!Valeriana edulis - edible valerian!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!Besides, the congested inflorescence, pappus (bristly or scaly structure), and achene, the family further shows involucral bracts around the “head” inflorescence - another feature seen later in the Asteraceae - sunflower family.!Dipsacus fullonum - teasel!Introduced and adventive!pappus!Involucral bracts!*Caprifoliaceae - honeysuckle family!**Araliaceae - ginseng family!Largely a tropical family of trees, shrubs, or herbs (in Wisconsin). Often combined with the carrot family (Apiaceae). Leaves divided or up to 3 times or more compound; alternate in Aralia, whorled in Panax. Flowers in umbels. Distinctive aroma and chemicals.!Aralia hispida - bristly sarsaparilla! Aralia nudicaulis - wild sarsaparilla!**Araliaceae - ginseng family!CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2-5)!__!Flowers small, non-asterid like (no corolla tube), 5 merous, with 2-5 fused inferior carpels forming berries (2 carpels and dry fruits in Apiaceae).!Aralia hispida - bristly sarsaparilla : note 5 styles!**Araliaceae - ginseng family!Aralia elata!Hercule’s-club, Devil’s walking stick!SE USA native, escaped from cultivation!Aralia racemosa!spikenard!**Araliaceae - ginseng family!Panax quinquefolius - American ginseng !Rich woods; leaflets are stalked. Red berries.!Heavily collected woodland species for roots; now listed as “Special concern” by DNR. !**Araliaceae - ginseng family!Panax trifolius!Dwarf ginseng!!Rich woods; leaflets are sessile!**Araliaceae - ginseng family!Hedera helix!English ivy!!Eurasia - N. Africa; invasive in U.S.!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Large family of 300 genera and over 3000 species most common in north temperate regions. Economically important (carrot, parsnip, parsley, celery, dill, caraway).!parsnip! carrot!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Aromatic herbs with hollow stems, dissected or compound leaves that are strongly sheathing, inflorescence umbellate !sheath!Heracleum lanatum - cow parsnip!• flowers small in umbels, often compound!• female flowers often along edge of each umbellate!• 5 merous with no corolla tube!• inferior gynoecium of 2 carpels separating at maturity!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)!__!• fruit dehiscent and splitting - schizocarp!• fruits 5-ribbed separated by oil canals - taxonomic character for separating genera!• 2 dry, 1-seeded mericarps held together by carpophore!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)!__!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Angelica atropurpurea - great angelica!Large coarse herb of wetter areas!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Cicuta bulbifera!Bulblet water hemlock!Cicuta maculata!spotted water hemlock!Although containing nasty compounds, Cicuta is not the hemlock that Socrates took. Common species of marshes and streams.!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Three common woodland genera!Cryptotaenia canadensis - honewort! Osmorhiza longistylis - sweet cicely!**Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - carrot family!Sanicula gregarii -


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UW-Madison BOTANY 401 - Diversity and Evolution of Asterids

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