. . . bellflowers and asters . . . !Diversity of Wisconsin Asterids!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!A family mostly of herbs, but some secondarily woody, widely distributed in the temperate regions and in the montane tropics. Contains 65 genera and over 2200 species, with half belonging to Campanula and Lobelia. !!• Family has alternate leaves and milky latex. !!• Flowers are 5 merous and inferior ovaried.!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!The family is divided into two distinct subfamilies - Campanuloideae and Lobelioideae - distinguished by floral symmetry, staminal fusion, and carpel number. They are often considered as separate families (as in the UW Herbarium website).!Campanula - bellflower!Subfamily Campanuloideae!Lobelia - lobelia!Subfamily Lobelioideae!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Subfamily Campanuloideae!CA (5) CO (5) A 5 G (3-5)!__!Campanula and relatives have actinomorphic flowers, stamens not fused, and 3-5 fused carpels. Note the 3 styles of Campanula to the left.!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Campanula americana - tall bellflower!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Campanula rapunculoides!European bellflower!Campanula rotundifolia!Bluebell - circumboreal!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Triodanis perfoliata - Venus looking glass!Secondary pollen presentation!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Subfamily Lobelioideae!CA (5) CO (5) A (5) G (2)!__!Lobelia and relatives have zygomorphic flowers, stamens fused into a tube in which the pollen is shed, and 2 fused carpels. Style pushes pollen out through the tube.!Staminal tube!Style!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia cardinalis!Cardinal flower!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia siphilitica L.!Great blue lobelia!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia inflata!Indian tobacco!Lobelia spicata!Spiked lobelia!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia kalmii!Bog lobelia!**Campanulaceae - bellflower family!Lobelia dortamanna!Water lobelia!Menyanthaceae - bog buckbean family!Aquatic, or semi-aquatic family. Flowers 5 merous with fringed petals. Gynoecium of 2 fused superior carpels. Our one species is restricted to bogs and has trifoliate leaves.!Menyanthes trifoliata!Bog buckbean!Menyanthaceae - bog buckbean family!Aquatic, or semi-aquatic family. Flowers 5 merous with fringed petals. Gynoecium of 2 fused superior carpels. Our one species is restricted to bogs and has trifoliate leaves.!Nymphoides (E. North America et al.) - convergence! mimic of Nymphaea!Diversity of Wisconsin Asterids!. . . asters and chickory . . . !**Asteraceae - aster family!One of the most successful of all flowering plant families with over 1500 genera and 23,000 species.!Family has 3 specialized features important in this radiation:!!1. Special inflorescence “head”!2. Pollen presentation!3. Diverse secondary chemistry!**Asteraceae - aster family!The head or capitulum is a cluster of 1 or 2 distinct flower types. The family is also called “Compositae” referring to this clustering.!The head is surrounded by special bracts !called the involucre or phyllaries.!!The involucre is important in the !classification and identification within the family.!**Asteraceae - aster family!CA X CO (5) A (5) G (2)!__!Calyx is reduced to a pappus of scales, awns, bristles, or absent!Corolla has 5 petals but variously fused or zygomorphic!!Pollen presentation – anthers fused!Inferior ovary - achene!**Asteraceae - aster family!Main floret types:!! 1. Disk or tubular florets are actinomorphic!1!**Asteraceae - aster family!Main floret types:!! 1. Disk or tubular florets are actinomorphic!! 2. Ray florets are usually 3 long fused petals + 2 short petals!1!2!**Asteraceae - aster family!Main floret types:!! 1. Disk or tubular florets are actinomorphic!! 2. Ray florets are usually 3 long fused petals + 2 short petals!! 3. Ligulate florets are 5 fused petals but split open!1! 3!2!**Asteraceae - aster family!The fruit is a one-seeded achene with the pappus serving as the fruit disperser (e.g., barbs for animal dispersal, hairs for wind dispersal) !CA X CO (5) A (5) G (2)!__!**Asteraceae - aster family!These various types of florets come together to form a number of different looking heads. The 3 most important ones are:!Radiate head: disk or tubular florets in the center, ray florets along the edge (these usually pistillate only)!Discoid head: only disk or tubular florets comprise the entire head!Ligulate head: only ligulate florets comprise the entire head (note 5 lobed florets)!Symphyotrichum - aster!**Asteraceae - aster family!These various types of florets come together to form a number of different looking heads. The 3 most important ones are:!Discoid head: only disk or tubular florets comprise the entire head!Ligulate head: only ligulate florets comprise the entire head (note 5 lobed florets)!Liatris - blazing star!Radiate head: disk or tubular florets in the center, ray florets along the edge (these usually pistillate only)!**Asteraceae - aster family!These various types of florets come together to form a number of different looking heads. The 3 most important ones are:!Discoid head: only disk or tubular florets comprise the entire head!Ligulate head: only ligulate florets comprise the entire head (note 5 lobed florets)!Taraxacum - dandelion!Radiate head: disk or tubular florets in the center, ray florets along the edge (these usually pistillate only)!**Asteraceae - aster family!Tribe Lactuceae (Cichorieae)!Only have ligulate heads, milky latex in vegetative parts!!Dandelion, goat’s-beard, chickory, hawkweed!Taraxacum - dandelion!**Asteraceae - aster family!Cichorium intybus - chickory!Eurasian weed - totally naturalized!**Asteraceae - aster family!Krigia biflora - false dandelion!Hieracium caespitosum - yellow hawkweed!**Asteraceae - aster family!Prenanthes alba - lion’s foot!Leaves come up early in spring; note the various spring ephemerals below (common names?)!**Asteraceae - aster family!Tribe Cardueae (Cynareae)!Plants with spiny phyllaries and often leaves and stems!!Flowers never radiate!!Petals white or cynanic colors (blues, purples)!!Thistle, knapweed, burdock!Cirsium vulgare!Bull thistle!Cirsium pitcheri!Dune thistle!**Asteraceae - aster family!Centaurea stoebe - Spotted knapweed! Arctium - burdock!**Asteraceae - aster family!Tribe Vernonieae!Alternate leaves!Purple flowers!!Resembles joe-pye weeds!Vernonia fasciculata!ironweed!**Asteraceae - aster