January 30 2015 Spanish Explorations Hernan Cortes 1519 1521 o Conquer Mexico o Defeat Aztec overlord o Explorers went north to look for more gold and silver Pineda and the Gulf Coast 1519 o First document of Texas history o Explorers were looking for a westward passage to Asia o States that the area is populated by a race of pygmies and a race of giants Pineda Stone o In Brownsville o Suggests that Pineda actually landed there in 1519 Actually is false Incorrect spelling with a tilde over the n in Pineda 7 has a European slash over it practice did not come into being until the 19th century Panfilode Narvaez 1528 o From Cuba to Florida looking for treasure o Has 400 men and 5 ships o Heard tales of tremendous wealth o Continually run into hostile indigenous tribes o Narvaez gives up and turns his back Intends to return by ship However ships are shipwrecked Vessels were destroyed in storm Almost all the members of his exhibition will die 4 surviving members Cabeza de Vaca Arrived back in Mexico in 1536 De Vaca o Shipwrecked on what probably was Galveston Island o For four years the party will exist living amongst the indigenous peoples o Lived in virtual slavery for about two years o Earns respect by becoming a medicine man o Also becomes a good trader o Removes himself from slavery o Spent several years wandering through the present states of Texas New Mexico and Arizona trying to return to Mexico o Accompanied by Esteban Esteban o A Spanish slave from the Burbur tribe in Morocco o Made it to Mexico with de Vaca o Despite the hardships experienced their stories would inspire others to intensify exploration of the region De Vaca will write a relacion called Naufragios which means ship o In this he describes the journeys made by survivors on their very long trek o Rumors of great wealth and seven cities made of gold continued to circulate in Mexico o When de Vaca gets back he tells them there are no cities of gold but they think that o In response to the constant pressure he says that a friend of a friend of an Indian might he s hiding something have mentioned it o Esteban says he had seen the cities Esteban experienced great freedom on the way to Mexico o He had a reputation with the ladies o He doesn t want to go back to being a slave o Becomes a guide with Father Marcos on another exhibition Father Marcos and the Mysterious Seven Cities of Cibola Expedition 1539 o Esteban is the guide o Esteban will go a week or so ahead of the expedition and they were to use crosses as signals If he finds a small sign he will send back small crosses and if he finds a big sign he will send back big crosses o Father Marcos receives a small cross originally but they get bigger and bigger and he hurries up to try and reach Esteban and when they do they find that Esteban has been murdered o On his way back to Mexico Father Marcos says that he has found great wealth in fact he has found one of the cities of Cibola o Bigger than Mexico City and this was the smallest of the seven cities When I remarked to the chiefs about how beautiful the city was they replied that this was one of the seven cities o Made a heap of stones and planted a cross I was taking all of the seven cities o Created a lot of excitement in Mexico City Francisco Vazquez de Coronado 1540 1542 o This outfits another expedition led by Coronado o Guide Father Marcos o Some was paid for by Coronado s wife s inheritance o Coronado s expedition included 225 horsemen 5 priests 67 foot soldiers several hundred women etc o Coronado intends to convert as many of the indigenous peoples as they come across To do that he reads a document called Requerimiento This document is read to the indigenous people in Spanish Indigenous people don t know Spanish Takes 2 hours to read If they immediately accepted the holy Catholic faith great rewards would come to the villagers If they did not they would do as much damage as they could women and children would be taken for slaves and war would be waged Most of the Indians did not immediately accept the Catholic faith and villages were destroyed o Continues his expedition Explores New Mexico the Panhandle of Texas and Kansas Comes back empty handed Provides a negative report of the lands that he s seen Father Marcos s reputation is ruined He dies in disgrace in 1558 Everyone blamed him for leading Coronado on a fruitless mission under false pretenses Luis de Moscoso 1542 1543 o He was also shipwrecked on the Texas coast o Forced onto shore near the Sabine Pass o Hadn t found any silver or gold o Provided a reasonable map with a negative report o He had discovered Texas gold o In his report he says that the group found black stuff floating on the surface of the water and used it to fix their boats He had found oil Spanish lose interest in Texas for approximately 50 years following Moscoso s expedition The Mission and Presidio System Mission peoples o Kind of religious establishment that the Spanish create to convert the indigenous o Church surrounded by lands o Hope that the indigenous peoples will come and live at the mission o Teach the indigenous peoples how to farm Presidio o Fort o Military establishment o To protect the mission Mission o Purpose Lay claim to the territory for Spain Convert the Indians to Catholicism Once converted it would hope that the indigenous people would become citizens and pay taxes helping to create wealth for Spain o Negative because Europeans brought with them diseases 95 of the indigenous peoples were killed by diseases o Positive because it furthered the Spanish goals of political economic and religious efforts in Texas o Location Imperial authorities made these decisions Chose the missionaries and how many could be assigned to each mission Paid missionaries wages o Ideal of the missionaries themselves was to establish an autonomous Christian town o Indians had to follow a highly supervised daily routine supervised by the missionaries o Farming and growing food within the indigenous people was usually a woman s work so Prayer Work Meals Training it emasculated the men Presidio o Specific roles Dolores Listening post French La Bahia Patrol coast again invasion Against any other European invasion To help shipwreck victims o General purposes Construction was of local building materials Sometimes adobe sometimes logs Forts were typically square or rectangular Would have walls in some cases up to ten feet tall Walls were pierced with fire ports Normally just one main gate or two
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