Texas History 1930 s to Today 1 Great Depression Texas not initially affected as greatly The Texas oil boom lessened concern of depression Cotton prices dropped significantly Governor Sterling nor Hoover could stop the crisis Ma Ferguson elected in 1932 Tried and failed to make a sales tax Established the Texas Relief Commission Lack of law and order within Texas Rangers Johnson gave high support for high school students CCC very active in Texas Texas Centennial Celebration in 1936 Pappy O Daniel had little legislative impact 2 Hot oil and cotton crises Hot oil oil produced in excess of what the Railroad Commission ordered Dishonestly obtained Sold for very cheap Could not enforce the oil production limit Governor Sterling sent national guard to enforce field shut down Connally Hot Oil Act of 1935 Cotton is King did not completely apply Lumber in eat livestock in west Sold at a good price right before market crash 1929 Cotton prices dropped significantly in 1931 Encouraged farmers to plant food crops instead 3 H Hoover as president at start of Great Depression Strong belief in future prosperity for US Republican from Iowa Held stock market accountable for crash and recovery Thought depression would end much sooner Could not meet people s need as depression worsened Ended his term as the villain Hoovervilles hoover hogs hoover flags 4 Jesse Jones and RFC From Tennessee Owner of Houston Chronicle 1929 RFC Reconstruction Finance Cooperation RFC created by Hoover to combat great depression Roosevelt appointed Jones chairman of RFC from 1933 1939 Helped prevent national failure of farms banks rail and many other Also helped broaden Texas industry From agriculture and oil Into steel and chemicals 5 Volunteerism 6 FDR and the New Deal FDR tried court packing Adding new judges to the supreme court Trying to alleviate and end the great depression Some had reservations about the power ND programs gave the federal FDR wanted to get rid of democrats in Texas who opposed the new deal government 7 AAA crop subsidies Agricultural Adjustment Administration Created in 1933 by Agricultural Adjustment Act Compensated farmers who adjusted acreage of soil depleting crops Replaced by Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Service in 1945 8 CWA and PWA work relief programs Created under WPA work project administration Civil Works Administration Created projects to provide jobs Authorized by federal government Public Works of Art Project Employed Texas artists to decorate public buildings 9 CCC National program for young men Focused on natural resources 1933 1942 Soil conservation and erosion control Development of state parks Left architectural legacy Civilian Conservation Corps 10 NYA Lyndon B Johnson National Youth Administration To provide education jobs recreation and jobs for male ad females between Lyndon B was state head of NYA 16 25 Continued into WWII 11 Sam Rayburn Texas legislator congressman and US speaker of the house Won seat in Texas H o R in 1906 House of Rep national in 1913 in for almost 50 years Close political ally for TX congressman Garner Leading supporter of the new deal Helped pass Truth in Securities Act 12 Texas and social security for elderly National Social Security Act passed in 1935 Then legislation for old age pensions 13 Texas and Texans in World War II Audie Murphy Helped boost Texas economy Many Texans moved to work in cities Eliminated Texas debt from great depression Audie Murphy War hero Hollywood actor songwriter Most decorated solider of WWII Killed in a plane crash in 1971 Buried with full military honors in Arlington cemetery June 20th Audie Murphy day in Texas 14 Global Settlement of 1942 between the U S and Mexico braceros Mexican Farm Labor Program Agreement To legalize and control Mexican farmworker along southern border Bracero manual labor program Many remained illegally after time was up Considered supply of cheap labor Program to lesson Mexican debt to US 15 The Post War era from Conservatism to Liberalism 16 Texas right to work law 1947 unions in Texas Laws defined and forbade monopolistic practices open shop policy cannot strike if union does not represent majority Unions not very strong in Texas 17 Gilmer Aiken laws 1949 To make public schools more efficient Many school districts consolidated State equalization funding supplemented local taxes Created Texas Education Agency 18 Heman Sweatt admitted to UT law school 1949 Wanted to get law degree from UT Requested formal admission Attorney general of Texas upheld state segregation Determined no equal education for blacks available Admitted to UT 19 GI Bill Allowed many former soldiers to go back to school 20 Allan Shivers 1949 57 Become governor when Jester died Created the Legislation Council to research and draft bills Also made Legislative Budge Board to set budget Expanded state services by tax increases Best known for defending state claim to Tidelands 21 Rise of segregation in public school education Initially separated Mexican American children but later outlawed Hernandez vs State of Texas declared segregation unconstitutional for hispanics 22 Henry B Gonzalez of San Antonio maverick U S Representative Democratic congressman and civil rights crusader First Mexican American on San Antonio City Council Helped pass the Housing Act of 1964 and supported the Civil Rights Act of 64 Wanted to put an end to bracero program 23 The Texas Observer liberal newspaper State s leading voice for social justice from progressive perspectives Founded in 1954 in Austin 24 LULAC 1929 Founded when four groups merged Had English as official language but promoted bilingualism Did not encourage women to join opened to Caucasians in 1949 25 American GI Forum 1948 Dr Hector P Garcia Mexican American veterans led by Garcia Devoted to securing rights for Hispanic Americans like the GI Bill Hernandez vs State of Texas with LULAC 1957 ended segregation of Hispanic children 26 Delgado v Bastrop 1948 Could not segregate Hispanics because considered white under law Headed by LULAC and American GI Forum Ended segregation over ten years with Herminica Hernandez et al vs Driscoll Consolidated ISD 27 Hernandez v Texas 1954 Decided that Hispanics had right to be tried by other Hispanics Treated as a class apart 28 NAACP Brown v Board of Education 1954 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Decided that segregation in schools was unconstitutional 29 Local control of school districts Laws passed to discourage
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