o Awareness and knowledge product placement in Transformers symbolism in paintings February 6 2015 Twilight of Spanish Texas New Threats to Spanish Texas The Grito de Dolores The End of Spain s Authority in Texas Transformers video compared to King s Paintings Burger King Xbox GMC Chevrolet Pepto Bismol Ebay Panasonic Cadillac Apple New Threats to Spanish Texas o The Treaty of Paris 1783 Key provisions Recognized the independence of the United States Granted the United States significant western territories Spain gets Florida back Concern in Mexico French threat has been removed but now there is an American threat Anglo Americans are moving into Spanish territory and settling there o U S immigration o Philip Nolan and James Wilkinson 1790 s 1801 Goes regularly into Texas to round up horses and then sell them back in Louisiana Nolan is a horse thief Nolan is the friend of a U S general in the army James Wilkinson The Spanish are getting tired of horse thieves When Nolan returns to Texas with thirty men the Spanish authorities decide to do something about it The Spanish are very suspicious o That Anglos are trying to take control of the area Spain sends a force of 100 king s soldiers to arrest Nolan o In March of 1801 Nolan and his cohorts are surrounded by the Spanish troops o One of his cohorts was Peter Ellis Bean Gave an account Nolan was shot in the head by the king s soldiers The group keeps fighting 9 survivors surrender 9 were taken to Mexico As they had discharged weapons against the Spanish troops one of the nine had to be executed They cast the dice The executed was hung o According to historians there is no evidence whatsoever that Anglos were trying to invade Spanish territory Shows again how weak the Spanish hold was in Texas o Napoleon Bonaparte 1799 1815 Attempting domination of Europe Spanish have every right to feel threatened Military genius During the Napoleonic wars Napoleon negotiates a secret treaty with Spain and France 1800 Treaty of Ildefonso Spain will return Louisiana to France The French need money and many Anglos were moving into the area anyway They decide to sell the area to the United States o The Louisiana Purchase 1803 Sold to the United States 15 million Doubles the size of the existing United States Immediate issue is where the boundary lies French claim up to Fort St Louis Boundary is not clearly determined Problems are occurring in the area where nobody s sure where the boundary is The Neutral Ground Agreement 1806 Negotiated between U S General James Wilkinson and Spanish Lieutenant Colonial Simon de Herrera Neither the United States nor Spain wished to go to war over it The two military commanders in the region signed an agreement declaring the territory to be neutral ground This agreement was not a treaty between two countries it was merely an agreement until a treaty could be negotiated o Was not ratified by either government Said that no troops from either side were allowed between the Red and the Sabine River This area becomes a haven for criminals and bad people o Summary of perceived threats to Spanish Texas Birth of United States Nolan Napoleon Bonaparte Louisiana Purchase Boundary dispute 1810 Grito de Dolores o Background The imperial context and Bourbon Reforms A revolution against Spain by the Spanish and the Indians living in Mexico There has been a restructure of the Mexican economy Creation of interior provinces which gave rise to expectations that did not materialize Led to increasing resentment and discontent Class struggle in New Spain Peninsulares 0 3 Africans 0 2 Criollos 17 Mestizos 22 Indians 61 o Immediate triggers Class discontent Genuine clerical concern The priests could see the lower caste struggles and expressed concerns about extreme poverty and their welfare Napoleon will place his brother Joseph on the throne briefly Didn t know who should be king and how much power should be placed Confusion in Spain where Drought in Mexico Leading to nearly starvation conditions o 16 September 1810 Leader is Criollo Father Miguel Hidalgo Indios and Mestizos His first speech was in Dolores The Cry of Dolores Very sympathetic to their situation Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costila Class warfare Political revolt against authority in Mexico Immediate response to Hidalgo was enthusiastic Led a group of Indios and Mestizos Appeared to be moving towards the United States wanting support Hidalgo is captured by the loyalists and is defrocked excommunicated and executed on 30 July 1811 Accused of treason Was executed by a firing squad o Put his hand over his heart to show the squad where to aim o Refused a blindfold His head was cut off and shown to discourage other insurgents His death did not end the Grito de Dolores After his death leadership fell to a Mestizo priest named Jose Morelos from South Mexico Supported by soldiers and others in the presidio at Bexar Took up Hidalgo s cry Removes loyalist officials from office and declares himself the head of the revolutionary government o Did not last long o 39 days later a counter revolution toppled de las Casas o Imprisoned and later executed o Grito de Dolores in Texas Juan Bautista de las Casas 1811 San Antonio o Grito continues to ripple outwards The Gutierrez Magee Expedition 1812 1813 March into Texas recruiting as they crossed the Red and Sabine Rivers Created The Republican Army of the North Capture Nacogdoches La Bahia and San Antonio Proclaim Texas as an Independent State in 1813 Gutierrez claims the title of President Protector of the State of Texas In response Spain will send Joaquin Arredondo to put down this insurrection The Battle of Medina 1813 o Crushes the rebels o Bloodiest battle fought to date on Texas soil Rebels in Nacogdoches Nacogdoches becomes the scene of another bloody purge Arredondo doesn t just want to defeat the rebels o He wants to make a clear ambiguous message to the United States to stay out of Texas or the Spanish power will annihilate them Santa Anna was the left hand under Arredondo and was sent to clear Nacogdoches of the rebels
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