Geography Early Cultures and Native Peoples January 23 2015 Texas terrain Early cultures Native peoples The Captured o Thesis and evidence o Big issues events characters o The captured children and their experiences gender o Treaties Texas terrain o Amerigo Vespucci 1499 1502 Proved that America was not East Asia o Pineda map 1519 Spanish and Mexican Texas geography and topography Argued that this is the first Texan historical artifact claims to its western lands it Tejas it became Texas Rivers o Boundary rivers Red River northern boundary Sabine River eastern boundary Rio Grande southern boundary Geographic and natural regions o Coastal Plains Several subregions Piney Woods East Texas made up of rolling hills Forests made up of tall pine trees Timber petroleum and agriculture Documentary o Lots of Spanish moss o Caddo Lake o The current geography and topography of Texas was made in 1850 when Texas gave up o The name Texas came from a Caddo Indian word for friend of ally Techas Spanish made Largest naturally formed freshwater lake in Texas Very diverse in fish species bird species and plants Caddo and early Texas settlers a lot of people depended on the lake Steamboats form LA to TX Biggest inland port in Texas o One of the first five products that the CCC New Deal worked on in Texas remodeling log cabins Area of land a hundred miles between the Sabine River and Corpus Christi Heavy soil coastline at or near sea level The most populated areas in Texas Post Oak Savannah West of Piney Woods Soil is sandy Post Oak timbers Agriculture Light industries Commerce Gulf Coast Prairies o Corpus Christi o Houston o Etc Petroleum Refining Chemical manufacturing Some agriculture South Texas Plain Like a triangle from Corpus Christi to San Antonio to Del Rio Rugged fertile prairie Petroleum Ranching Farming This is where the Spanish and Mexican heritage is particularly evident in the culture Soil is black and rich Part of the cotton production in Texas because of its rich black soil Reduction of cotton in more modern times led to Blackland Prairie o North Central Plains Cross Timbers o Grain and livestock o Many military establishments o Commerce o Service industries Located between Fort Worth and Abilene Made up of hardwood trees Dairy products Peanuts Vegetables Some petroleum Grand Prairie Livestock and farming Relatively small population Rolling Plains Eroded limestone escarpments Very spacious plains Petroleum Agriculture Some cotton Wheat Cattle o Great Plains High Plains underground aquifer Petroleum Ranching Edwards Plateau Once a fabulous sea of grasses now it s farmland dependent on an Erosion has created rocky and rolling plains Ranching Sheep Goats Llano Basin Also known as The Hill Country Ranching In more modern times tourism and recreation Scenic Includes rivers and lakes Austin and San Antonio o Basin and Mountain Trans Pecos Most diverse region in Texas Made up of deserts and mountains beauty and brutality Natural gas Last region in Texas to be populated Livestock The First Dwellers years ago o The earliest Paleo Indians arrived in Texas approximately 12 000 years ago o The first migrants were believed to have crossed the Beringia Strait before 30 thousand Moved out to various regions in what we now know as America o This was during the Pleistocene Age Ice age in which the ice age froze the seas and the ice levels rose allowing migrants to come over the bridge from Asia to America Beringia bridge was covered by water with global warming and trapped the migrants in America o How do we know Looked at Geography and climate Archeology to determine experiences from the past o Blood type o First inhabitants were thought to have come from Asia and o The majority of Native Americans have type O small number of trapped in America A blood type but no type B o Modern Asian populations have all three o Type B evolved around 30 000 years ago if there are no type B in Americas then migration must have occurred before that o Fossils o Artifacts o Remains o Etc Physical Cultural o Religion o Music o Clothes o Food o Art o Architecture o Language When the early Europeans arrived there were over 2000 languages spoken in the Americas For these to have developed linguists assert that it would have taken at least a 35000 year time span o How else do we know Early European accounts Bartoleme de las Casas Cabeza de Vaca Wrote about their experiences in the new supercontinent of America Two Spanish conquistadors and a Spanish priest o Bringing Catholicism o Their religion will bias their views negatively towards the natives Translation process can mean that meanings were lost Diversity Development of Regional Cultures 10 2500 BCE o Hunters and gatherers Could hunt big game animals Mammoth Mastodon Horse Camel Best suited to an ice environment o Global warming makes reproduction and survival rates lower o Hunters and gatherers had to think of different ways for food o Turned to Great Plains bison or buffalo o Evidence that these early hunters and gatherers would collaborate to gain stuff from these buffalo hunts o Archaeologists suggest that we see a collaboration between the tribes Colorado where 150 men and women forced 250 buffalo over a cliff Desert cultures Developed and created life ways pursuing small game for plant food Highland areas would also fish Bands are nomadic would move between the regions Prickly pairs acorns juniper berries o Baskets o Nets Persisted into the nineteenth century Know them as the Shoshone and the Youte Forest efficiency East of the Mississippi River Created a stable lifestyle Hunt small game Gather seeds nuts roots and wild plants for food Also know that they burned the woodlands o They burned the woodlands because they were practicing conservation practices to fertilize the soil Sedentary agricultural Caddo Indians Generally these people would stay in one place and develop farming practices In farming they would need to remain near the fields o Led to the formation of village communities o Permanent architecture o Evidence of storage facilities which they could use for trade o Divisions in society Administrators Rulers Artisan Toolmakers Hinds Cave Val Verde Country Texas o Excavated by a group of archaeologists from TAMU o Discovered that these people were nomadic but they were hunters and gatherers o Domesticated the dog o Skilled potters o And they grew corn o Images of the rock art o Sleeping area Pits with twigs and leaves etc to make it more comfortable o
View Full Document
Unlocking...