April 8 2015 Slavery Male o Violent control Female manipulative weapon o Reasoning o Treated them almost like an extended family o I know I ought to feel sorry for the slaves but I can t help it They go very slowly with their work Real fear of rebellion Phyllis o Hired help o No o Kiss the children and tell the slaves howdy Household and domestic duties o Writes to her parents in Berlin of how helpful and supporting Phyllis is o Phyllis helped with cooking and feeding the men in the Battle of Corpus Christi o Nothing negative about her Work Plantation management o No longer have their husbands to manage the plantation o Women would organize the slave population to do the work o Take the produce herself to market o Caroline went and visited her neighbor and demanded money for the colt to repay debt o Maria grows vegetables and gardens Piano lessons o To earn extra money Maria gives piano lessons o Women could not rely on their husbands to send money home Shortages All manufactured items had to be imported Confederate Households o Expected to provide food and support for the soldiers Clothes and shoes o No money or goods to make shoes and clothes o Caroline tells her husband that she has made clothes and shoes for the slaves but she and the children go barefoot Maria o Tells her parents the price of goods that she could actually buy if she had the money o One pound of coffee costs 2 In today s money means 48 o No sugar whatsoever o A dozen eggs is 3 In today s money means 72 o One bottle of whiskey is 15 In today s money means 360 Propaganda Used in the Confederacy to try and cast women as equal heroes in the cause Were told to repress their grief and their suffering They were to sacrifice their menfolk Should their husband desert they were supposed to shame them into going back to fight 1862 Congressional Declarations of Gratitude o Joint resolutions of thanks to the patriotic women of the Confederacy Poet Laureate Henry Timrod o A Cry to Arms Religion A woman s purpose her unquestioned and divine role Women are moral guardians in the domestic realm Men asked their wives to pray for them William wrote to Caroline I am determined to be more devoted in the future I am trying to be religious Pray for me that I may live a Christian and be spared to be back home o Asking her as the moral guardian to pray for him Argued that Christian soldier was an oxymoron o Gave an idea that it was God s wish that they won that God was with their cause Young Soldiers Immaturity Training At least 300 boys under the age of 13 served during the Civil War o At least 25 of them were under the age of 10 o Lacked discipline o Thought that the Civil War was some kind of grand adventure o Our drills I remember it consisted of running around the chapel and shouting like devils and shooting at imaginary foes o Were often drummer boys Sent messages by drum to the men in the unit o Could be monkey boys Worked on ships Homesickness Put the gunpowder in the cannon prior to it being fired o Missed home o Maybe wasn t as grand an adventure as they thought Had to be honest over 18 o Write the number 18 and put it in their shoe so that they can honestly say that they are Wartime Political Role of Children Used for propaganda Used as poster children for the cause Do it for the children Restoration and Reconstruction Presidential restoration is lenient Congressional Reconstruction is harsh o Presidents and Congress both think that they should decide what happens to former slaves and former Confederate states Presidential Restoration o Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction December 8 1863 Wanted to restore the former Confederate states to their proper place in the Union Any Confederate state could form a Union government when Lincoln s 10 plan o 10 of those who voted in 1860 took a future pledge of allegiance to the Union and swore to protect the laws dealing with emancipation o Once the 10 was reached voters could then elect delegates to establish new state governments and draft and revise state constitutions o Radical Republicans Thought this plan was far too lenient Want sweeping transformations in the former Confederate states Wanted to dismantle the planter elite in the South They wanted Congress to supervise Reconstruction Emancipation in Texas o Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation o Lincoln was re elected in 1864 with Vice President Andrew Johnson o The War ends April 9 1865 o Lincoln was assassinated April 14 1865 o Johnson s plan New Proclamation of Amnesty May 29 1865 He requires the former Confederate states to accept the end of slavery He also puts forth a plan for the former Confederates to offer and future pledge to the Union In Texas we have an appointed native Unionist Provisional Governor Andrew J Hamilton Texas and the other Confederate states would call conventions of men elected by Union loyalist voters Johnson does not include a 10 rule Given in July of 1862 but takes effect January 1 1863 Proclamation does not free the slaves Releases them in areas not under Union control Could not be enforced until Union soldiers occupied Confederate states By freeing the slaves they took away the South s economy and workers It is either a moral decision on Lincoln s part or a wartime measure or a mixture of both o Gordon Granger Juneteenth June 19 1865 Frees the slaves He and Union soldiers arrived at Galveston with the news that all slaves are free Slaves in Texas are freed by General Order Number 3 Changed from slave and slave owner to employee and employer o Responses of the Freedmen Immediate reaction was to leave Would leave their plantations in order to celebrate their freedom Most returned to being with their family and networks They would change their names Surnames o Would take the last name of their master Challenged the existing social structure Slaves were at the bottom of the social hierarchy and were expected to defer to white people They would no longer offer deference to whites o Would not step into the street off the sidewalk to allow the Women white to pass o Freedmen s Bureau simply ungrateful Under the institution of slavery they would work alongside the men in the fields Now the menfolk would copy the white gender model and require their women to stay in the domestic realm Anglo expectations The Anglos imagined themselves as very kindly towards their slave population o Provided food clothes housing etc Assumed that they had been kind owners Now they had to hire freedmen and they feel
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