March 13 2015 The Return of Houston Foreign Policy Mexico o Somervell expedition November 1842 o William S Fisher raid on Mier December 1842 o General Pedro Ampudia o Salado During their march the Texans are planning their escape A successful break was carried out in Salado For seven days they tried to cross the Rio Grande to get back to Texas 176 of them will be recaptured and returned to Salado Santa Anna is president again right now so he orders execution as a punishment However the governors of the area pleaded for decimation where one in ten will be executed as a warning To determine who the 17 men would be they drew beans o The Black Bean Episode A bag full of beans All black beans except 17 white beans 17 men were executed by being blindfolded and shot The remaining men are taken to Mexico City imprisoned and many die in captivity from disease malnutrition and starvation From time to time they would be released and the last was released in 1844 o Charles Elliot the British ambassador to the United States makes it known that Britain is interested in trading with the new Republic of Texas o Alarms the United States and spurs interest in annexation o Elliot was a personal friend of Houston o President John Tyler is in the last days of his administration and he is really interested in organizing the annexation of Texas o The Treaty of 1844 Offers to annex Texas not as a state but as a territory United States government would assume Texas s public debt Said that public lands would go to the United States government o This attempt at annexation failed in the U S Senate 16 35 Foreign Policy The United States Texan Presidential Election of 1844 o Houston s presidency is coming to an end o Anson Jones Also supports annexation Early statehood o Annexation achieved U S President James K Polk and Texas President Anson Jones Polk is an expansionist president He hopes to expand to Oregon California and Texas Manifest Destiny Imperialism or divine destiny The Oregon Treaty 1846 Polk wanted to acquire Oregon country It was under joint occupation the British and the Americans Previous administrations had offered to separate lands at the 40th parallel Polk offers this again o British would have the north o America would have the south The British refuse so Polk breaks it off 54 40 or fight o They ll get it or they ll fight Polk didn t want to go to war with the British so he will compromise o Both agree that the Oregon Treaty of 1846 will divide the country along the 49th parallel which was the original American request The Joint Resolution 1845 1846 Annexation was offered to Texas as a state Texas retains its public lands o 1901 oil is found and the money will stay in Texas o Enormous dividends for the future Texas also retains its public debts Texas also has the option of subdividing into as many as four states Approved by the Senate 27 25 and the House 120 98 Approved by Texan officials and ratified by voters Annexation of Texas December 29 1845 Official ceremony is on February 19 1846 o Anson Jones hands over the reins of government to Polk o The Texan flag is lowered and the United States flag is raised o The Republic Reconsidered Domestic affairs Organizing a government o Check Location of a capital o Some problems in the beginning o Check Education o Lamar gave land for public schools and to higher education but there is no structure of compulsory education in Texas o Cross The economy o Terrible shape o Cross Foreign affairs Indians o Depends on how you measure success o Cherokees were driven out under Lamar o Peace has not been re established with the Comanche o Check cross Europe Mexico o Check cross o Check The United States o Vasquez Raid Woll invasion Somervell expedition Mexico has not recognized Texan independence o Rough road followed but we have recognition a loan and finally annexation o Check The War Against Mexico o Mexico has not recognized Texas s independence o March 6 1845 Mexico breaks diplomatic relations with the United States In protest over the annexation of Texas o June 1845 President Polk orders General Zachary Taylor to position himself with 4000 U S troops to be on or near the Rio Grande They are actually at Corpus Christi o Orders John Slidell to Mexico to try and negotiate an agreement with the Mexican government that the boundary between Texas and Mexico is the Rio Grande o Polk also authorizes Slidell to offer 30 million to purchase California California has gold o Mexican president Mariano Paredes Arrillaga orders Slidell out of Mexico and demands an attack on the U S The War Against Mexico o Called Mr Polk s War o 3 major campaigns Zachary Taylor South Texas New Mexico Stephen Kearny New Mexico California Winfield Scott Central Mexico o Taylor s Northern Mexico Campaigns Polk is frustrated by the Mexican refusal to negotiate Orders Taylor and his men to move from Corpus Christi June 1845 to the Rio Grande January 1846 Taylor is well liked by his men and has the nickname Rough and Ready Mexicans view this as an act of war April 1846 Mexican troops travel from Matamoros over the Rio Grande and ambush an American patrol 16 United States soldiers are killed or wounded May 8 1846 May 9 1846 Palo Alto Taylor will defeat Mexican troops Taylor defeats Mexican troops again at Resaca de la Palma President Polk declares war on Mexico on May 13 1846 on the basis of the shedding of American blood on American soil September 1846 Troops will seize Monterrey February 1847 Americans win a closely contested battle with the Mexican army at Buena Vista In California the explorer John C Fremont had helped the American settlers in California establish their own government Republic of California Kearney will link up with these settlers January 1847 The area in California will be secured by a joint army navy expedition Stephen Kearney and Commodore Robert Stockton o Kearny s Western Thrust o Winfield Scott Nickname is Old Fuss and Feathers Not liked by his men Lands in Veracruz in the first major amphibious landing of the United Sates Marches inland and then occupies Mexico City A notably successful campaign September 1847 o War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848
View Full Document
Unlocking...