Texas History 1824 1876 Mexican Constitution of 1824 o established a federal system o made Catholicism official religion o Modeled after US constitution o Juan Seguin represented Texas at assembly Coahuila y Tejas and the empresarios o Sold land grants to aid colonization o Stephen F Austin father of Texas settles along Colorado River o Territories made a state in 1824 Jose Antonio Navarro o Leading Mexican in Texas Revolution o Signed the Texas Declaration of Independence o A representative of Bexar o Sought to protect Tejano rights after Texas a country o Favored Texas annexation Erasmo Seguin o Post master o Father of Juan Seguin o Texas rep in the Constitution of 1824 o Supporter of the Texas revolution by giving supplies Juan N Seguin o Military leader in revolution o Fought in battle of San Jacinto o The only Mexican Texan in senate Stephen F Austin o Carried on Moses Austin s land grants o Convinced emperor to create a law for empresarios o One of biggest empresarios o o Led Texan army o Helped write declaration of independence o Founded San Felipe Brazoria Bastrop Imprisoned at Mexico city when attempting to negotiate Green DeWitt o Empresario failed o Wife and daughter made come and take it o Founded Gonzales Martin De Leon o The only Mexican empresario o Petitioned for Mexican settlement in Texas o Founded Victoria Manuel Mier y Teran o Mexican general under Santa Anna Initiated by Lucas Alaman y Escalada to stop Americans to Texas o Displeased with Texan attitudes towards Mexico o Prompted the law of 1830 Law of April 6 1830 o Stimulus of Revolution o o Opened coastal trade to foreigners o Limited slavery especially new slaves Sam Houston o Helped adopt declaration of independence o Commissioner for provisional government o First elected president of Texas o Favored annexation without success Era of the Republic of Texas 1836 1845 o Followed Anglo common law o Declaration of independence signed on 3 1 1836 o Houston first president o Then Lamar Houston Jones Jones last president of Texas o o End of republic annexation in December 1845 Lorenzo de Zavala o Mexican military leader under Santa Anna o Then became supporter of the independence movement o Tried to convince Mexico to recognize Texas Mirabeau B Lamar o Second president of Texas o Thought Texas should stay independent and spread to coast o Harsher policy against natives o Father of Education o Mexico would not recognize Texas Republic Chief Bowles o Texas Cherokee Chief o Sent Richard Fields to negotiate with Mexicans for land o Texas Republic order Cherokees to leave Santa Fe Expedition o Wanted to establish jurisdiction over New Mexico o Sent party to take Santa Fe from Mexico o All imprisoned from 1841 1842 in Mexico City Mier Expedition o Developed out of the Somervell expedition o Worst raid by Republic to Mexico o Black Bean Episode to execute men o 1843 Agrarian Texas Planter Class o The elite class of the south The merchant class o Profited from smuggling Yeoman farmers o Anglo small planters Slaves in Texas Illegal to import slaves o o Most slaves in eastern part of Texas where cotton grown European immigrants to Texas o Germans Czechs Polish Mexicans o Typically opposed slavery Prince Carl von Solms Braunfels o First commissioner general for Texas o the new Fatherland on the other side of the ocean o Helped settle Germans in Texan Republic o 1845 founded New Braunfels o Eventually left and returned to Texas Henri Castro o brought 485 families and 457 men o French colony founder in southwest Texas o Became interested in Texas after negotiating loans with them Tejano rancheros and others in the workforce Tejano society marriage remarriage adoptions Catholicism o A clear minority in the republic o Numbers grew and added schools and hospitals Oblates or OMI o Began in 1849 o Created schools in Galveston Brownsville Ursuline Sisters o 1847 seven came to Texas o Built girls boarding school Melinda Rankin o Opened school for Mexican girls o Famous missionary to Mexicans o Persisted teaching during the civil war Annexation of Texas o Concerns about slave state free state balance o British wanted to block US from expanding o Decided to annex in 1845 Manifest destiny o Belief that the United States should own all of the continent War with Mexico 1846 1848 o Mexico refused to negotiate about territory o war of aggression o Polk directed Taylor to go to Rio Grande to provoke o Ended when American troops made it to Mexico City Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo o Ended the Mexican War o Ceded California nearly all of US southwest o Concreted Texas Mexico boundary o Paid 15 million for land to Mexico Land grant adjudication in Texas state agencies o Needed to decide validity of Mexican land grants o Governor Bell created commission for looking at deeds Bourland Miller Commission o Two man commission to go through land grants o Lost in the ocean so had to redo o Confirmed in 1860 Separatists or Territorialists in Lower Valley Texas as a Southern State southern political ethos o Kept slavery Texas in the confederacy o A large amount of non slave holders in Texas o Voted to join confederacy anyway o One of first 7 states Albert Sidney Johnston o Confederate general o Replaced Felix Huston as general o Killed in Shiloh o Resigned from US army to return to Texas The confederate Cotton Trade o Matamoros Bagdad o Had to pass the blockade Colonel Santos Benavides o Highest ranking Mexican American in confederacy o Cooperated with Lamar during Mexican War o Arranged for safe passage of Texas cotton Charles Stillman In control of cotton and shipping enterprises o o Transported cotton to Matamoros for gold o Bought and sold for his firm Smith and Dunning Richard King o Partner to Kenedy for steamboat firms o Dominated steamboat firms for more than two decades o Helped move confederate cotton o Founder of King Ranch Mifflin Kenedy o Quaker who moved in Texas o Formed steamship partnership with King M Kenedy and Company o Successful cotton shipping along Rio Grande in civil war o Leading cotton broker o Owned boats for cotton trade so Union army could not touch o Broker in civil war cotton trade o Firm served as a brokerage house for farmers west of the Mississippi Francisco Yturria Jose San Roman Felix von Blucher o With Prince Solms Braunfels o Acted as interpreter o Officer in confederate engineers in civil war Maria von Blucher o Letters from the South Texas Frontier o Look at the woman s side of pioneer life o Married to
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