Sensation and Perception Sense organs respond to and translate stimuli into nerve impulses sent Stimulus detection process to brain Active process of organizing stimulus input and making sense of it Information processing how we process information bottom up processing and top down processing bottom up processing Bottom up means that you had to perceive no frame of reference no knowledge Top down is showing the whole context Ex shows a brown patch What is that That s bottom up Shows the whole image That s the sahara affected by motives interests threats to well being Sensation Perception top down processing attention focusing and filtering 4 organizing principles of Perception Gestalt laws of grouping Form Old lady vs young lady illusion Depth The principle of good form refers to the tendency to group together forms of similar shape pattern color etc Even in cases where two or more forms clearly overlap the human brain interprets them in a way that allows people to differentiate different patterns and or shapes 1 Monocular cues requires one eye light and shadows in paintings height in horizontal planes motion parallax in car and other things stay still 2 Binocular Cues requires both eyes binocular disparity each eye sees a slightly different image convergence produced by feedback from muscles that turn eyes inward Motion shrinking objects appear retreating englarging objects appear closer Perceptual Constancies 1 shape constancy bottle upside down is still a bottle 2 size constancy friend is far and small car is far and small but you can actualize the size 3 brightness constancy green couch in the dark is still dark Muller Lyer Illusion The M ller Lyer illusion is an optical illusion consisting of a stylized arrow When viewers are asked to place a mark on the figure at the midpoint they invariably place it more towards the tail end What affects our perception Critical period of development there are critical time periods where perceptual abilities can only be learned for normal development ex learning to talk when you 15 wouldn t work Do we learn to perceive Experience americans feel that the man is killing the animal next to him but amazonians say he is killing the farther animal Culture Americans say the people in the photo are inside under a column africans say the kids are outside under a tree Beliefs and Assumptions 1 Perceptual Schema mental representation or image to compare a new stimulus to ex a bird pigeon 2 Perceptual set readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular way ex assumptions of a man carrying a woman s body
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