Evolution of PsychologyPsychology (n):Example: DepressionNuerochemicalNeurological/PhysiologicalMentaLBehavioralSocialPsychology: A discipline that expands multiple levels of analysisEarly Psychologists: WundtEarly Psychology: Edward TitchenerStructuralism vs. FunctionalismWilliam JamesG. Stanley HallFemale PsychologistsPsych perspectivesBehavioral psychPsychoanalyticHumanisticCognitiveBiologicalEvolutionaryPsychology EmploymentResearch Areas in PsychSeven Unifying ThemesEvolution Evolution ofof PsychologyPsychologyLecture 9/7/12, 9/10/12Lecture 9/7/12, 9/10/12Psychology Psychology (n):(n):Study of the mindStudy of the mindPsychePsyche: soul: soulLogosLogos: study of: study ofScientific study of Scientific study of behavior: behavior: measurable/observable reactions and actionsmeasurable/observable reactions and actions, and , and mind: internal states, thoughts, feelings mind: internal states, thoughts, feelings which can be quantifiedwhich can be quantifiedInfluences: environmental (physical, Influences: environmental (physical, social), biological, psychological,social), biological, psychological,Example: Example: DepressionDepressionMolecularMolecular::Variation in genes Variation in genes  predispositionpredispositionNuerochemicalNuerochemicaldifferent levels different levels of of neurotransmitterneurotransmitters s  mood moodNeurological/Neurological/PhysiologicalPhysiologicaldifference among people difference among people in brain structures in brain structures related to mood, related to mood, functions of organs in functions of organs in endocrine systemendocrine systemMentaLMentaLdepressed thoughts, sadness, depressed thoughts, sadness, suicidal ideation, suicidal ideation, diminished ability to diminished ability to concentrate/make decisionsconcentrate/make decisionsBehavioralBehavioraldecrease in pleasurable decrease in pleasurable activities, withdrawal activities, withdrawal from others, from others, moving/talking slowly moving/talking slowly (psychomotor agitation), (psychomotor agitation), insomnia/hypersomniainsomnia/hypersomniaSocialSocialloss of loss of intimate/meaningful intimate/meaningful relationships, lack of relationships, lack of social supportsocial supportPsychology: Psychology: A discipline that expands A discipline that expands multiple levels of analysismultiple levels of analysisGOALSGOALS: : Describe Describe (how people/animals (how people/animals behave)behave), , Understand Understand (Causes of behaviors)(Causes of behaviors), , Predict Predict (how subjects will behave (how subjects will behave under certain circumstances)under certain circumstances), , Influence Influence (control causes of (control causes of behavior)behavior),, Apply Apply (enhance subject’s wellbeing)(enhance subject’s wellbeing)Early Early Psychologists: Psychologists: WundtWundtfounded first experimental psych lab in 1879 in founded first experimental psych lab in 1879 in GermanyGermany considered “considered “father of modern psychfather of modern psych””German professor who made psych an German professor who made psych an independent independent discipline from fields of philosophy and physiologydiscipline from fields of philosophy and physiologyEarly Psychology: Early Psychology: Edward TitchenerEdward TitchenerEnglishman who emigrated to US in 1892Englishman who emigrated to US in 1892Cornell Cornell professorprofessorEarned degree in Wundt’s labEarned degree in Wundt’s labBrought Brought Structuralism Structuralism to Americato AmericaStructuralism vs. Structuralism vs. FunctionalismFunctionalismWilliam JamesWilliam JamesAuthor of Author of Principles of PsychologyPrinciples of Psychology, , most most influential influential text for psychologytext for psychologyFunctionalistFunctionalistHarvardHarvardCredited term:Credited term: “ “Stream of consciousnessStream of consciousness””G. Stanley HallG. Stanley HallEarly 1880s Early 1880s Established first research psych lab, Established first research psych lab, Johns Hopkins UniversityJohns Hopkins UniversityFirst psych journal, First psych journal, American Journal American Journal of Psychologyof PsychologyDriving force behind formation of Driving force behind formation of APAAPA, , American Psychology AssociationAmerican Psychology AssociationLargest organization devoted to psych Largest organization devoted to psych (150,000 members currently)(150,000 members currently)First president of First president of APAAPAFemale Female PsychologistPsychologistssPsych Psych perspectivesperspectivesBehavioralBehavioralPsychoanalyticPsychoanalyticHumanisticHumanisticCognitiveCognitiveBiologicalBiologicalEvolutionaryEvolutionaryBehavioral Behavioral psych psych 1913-present1913-presentEffects of environment on the overt behavior and Effects of environment on the overt behavior and animalsanimalsONLY ONLY observable events (stimulus-response) can observable events (stimulus-response) can be studied scientificallybe studied scientificallyJohn B. Watson: founder of behaviorism, John B. Watson: founder of behaviorism, psychology must be objective, nature vs. nurturepsychology must be objective, nature vs. nurtureIvan Pavlov: related overt behaviors to Ivan Pavlov: related overt behaviors to observable events in environment, classical observable events in environment, classical conditioning, conditioning, DOGSDOGSB.F. Skinner: operant conditioning, repeat/avoid B.F. Skinner: operant conditioning, repeat/avoid responses that lead to positive/negative responses that lead to positive/negative outcomes, learning based on consequencesoutcomes, learning based on consequencesPsychoanalyticPsychoanalyticUnconscious determinants of behaviorUnconscious determinants of behaviorUnconscious motives and experiences in Unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood govern personality and early childhood govern personality and mental disordersmental disordersSigmund Freud: Sigmund Freud:HumanisticHumanisticUnique aspects of human experienceUnique aspects of human experienceHumans are free, rational beings who Humans are free, rational beings who have have potential potential for personal growthfor personal growthDifferentiate humans from animalsDifferentiate humans from animalsInnate basic need to continue to evolveInnate basic need to continue to evolveCarl RogersCarl RogersCognitiveCognitiveThoughts and mental processesThoughts and mental processesHuman behavior cannot be fully Human behavior