Slide 1Infinite generativityRule systemsSlide 4More rule systemsMilestones in language developmentInfant developmentVocab spurtTelegraphic speechAdult speech to infantsSimilar trendsLanguageBy definition: consist of symbols that convey meaningThere are rules for combining the symbols Infinite number of messages can be createdSounds and gestures aid in conveying languageSemantic/meaningful; all human languages have common characteristicsInfinite generativityAbility to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rulesRule systemsPhonology: sound sequences that occur in the language; smallest unit of soundsThere are about 100 phonemes in all languages|K|, |S|, |Th|,| T|, |F|…Morphology: units of meaning involved in word formation; prefixes, suffixes, singular, pluralGIRL vs. GIRLSOne morpheme vs. Two morphemesDiscourseSentencePhrasesWordsMorphemesphonemesMore rule systemsSyntax: ways words combine to form acceptable phrases and sentencesSemantics: meaning of words and sentencePerception of the elements of communication: facial expression, tone, etc.Pragmatics: appropriate use of language in contextQuestion versus statement, use of polite languageMilestones in language development6 months: “Mamama gagaga bababa” babble“Doggie”“More milk”“Can I haz the milk, please?”Infant developmentInfants follow similar paths in language developmentActively produce sounds from birthCrying- from birth “WAAAAA”Cooing- 1-2 months “Oooh! Aahhh!”Babbling- 6 months “Bababa”Gestures- 8-12 months *Waves hand to say bye*First words- 10-15 months (important people, familiar objects/animals, body part, greeting)Understand ~40-50 words- 12-13 months (Receptive Language)Expressive language is never balanced with receptive language, you know more than you useVocab spurtThe period of time in which an infant can learn new wordsBy the first grade, the average child has a vocabulary of approximately 10,000 wordsBy fifth grade, vocabulary jumps to about 40,000 words~20-30 new words per weekTelegraphic speechAround two years old, children can combine words to convey meaning in a precise wayConsist mainly of content words without grammatical markers“See doggy”At three years old, it’s common that kids overregularize because rules are mixed up“He goed home”Parents can expand (restate) in a grammatically correct wayChildren may overextend words“Ball” applies to all spherical objectsAdult speech to infantsChild-directed speech: spoken in higher pitch than normal with simple words and sentencesExpanding: restating a child has said in the correct mannerLabeling: identifying names of objectsSimilar trendsBoth spoken and sign language develop around the same times (if the child is taught sign
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