Slide 1Five-Factor AnalysisFreud’s Psychoanalytic TheoryDefense Mechanisms (12.1)Psychosocial stages*Continuity of PersonalityPersonalityUnique, personal trait used to describe a personFive-Factor Analysis Agreeableness: sympathetic, trusting, modest, cooperative, straight-forwardConscientiousness: constraint, diligent, punctual, disciplined, dependable, well-organizedNeuroticism: negative emotionality, vulnerable, anxious, insecure, hostile, self-consciousExtraversion: positive emotionality, outgoing, assertive, friendly, upbeat, gregariousOpenness to experience: flexibility, curiosity, artistic sensitivity, vivid fantasy, imaginative, unconventional attitudesFreud’s Psychoanalytic TheoryUnconscious mental processes during childhood influence personality in adulthoodId: pleasure principle, we demand immediate gratification for biological needs/urges, exerts great influence on our behaviorEgo: reality principle, allows us to understand that we must delay gratification until a more appropriate outlet can be foundSuperego: moral imperatives, operates at unconscious and preconscious and conscious levelsIf conflicts exist among these three components, anxiety develops and this leads to defense mechanismsDefense Mechanisms (12.1)Repression: memories are prevented from entering one’s consciousnessDisplacement: direct impulse at “better” or more acceptable targetProjection: impulse is attributed to someone else Regression: cope with stress by “sucking one’s thumb”Sublimation: turning an impulse into something valuedPsychosocial stagesStage Age Erotic focus Key Tasks/ ExperienceOral 0-1 Mouth (sucking, biting)Weaning from breast or bottleAnal 2-3 Anus (expelling or retaining feces)Toilet trainingPhallic 4-5 Genitals (Masturbating)Identifying with adult role models; oedipal crisisLatency6-12 None (sexually repressed)Expanding social contractsGenital Puberty+Genitals (being sexually intimate)Establishing intimate relationships; contributing to society through working*Continuity of PersonalityIf a child at age three is “Inhibited” he or she will score high on If a child at age three is “uninhibitied”, he or she will score high on Nature drives the continuity of personality
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