Brain Structures Central Nervous System Brain stem Consists of 4 parts Medulla Pons carries nerve impulses between higher and lower levels of the nervous system important in vital body functions like heartbeat breathing circulation blinking decussation happens way down in the medulla in the point of the brain where information crosses over point of decussation Decussation fancy word for the cross over left right crossover ex Right hand feels something left brain is working Decussation happens in the brainstem sensory roles in hearing equilibrium and taste and in facial sensations such as touch and pain as well as motor roles in eye movement facial expressions chewing swallowing and the secretion of saliva and tears sleeping and breathing Attention Arousal RF reacts to caffeine and becomes more aroused Filters incoming information gate keeper very beginning of attention process filters only what is important Relays information to other brain areas Arousal Reticular Formation Cerebellum Controls muscular movement coordination Attention Cardiac Reflexes Motor Functions Regulates Awareness Relays Nerve Signals to the cerebral cortex sleep Maintains balance and equilibrium learning and memory unconscious memories are stored here like piano playing language and speech formation posture walking not dragging one leg motor behaviors are stored here like brushing your teeth NOT part of brainstem but its located right behind Midbrain Contains a cluster of sensory and motor neurons The sensory portion of the midbrain contains important relay centers for the visual and auditory systems Ex Eyes and ears organized and sent to forebrain structure are organized and sent to forebrain structures involved in visual and auditory perception Thalamus left and right like twin olives The mid brain also contains neurons that control eye movements Connects brainstem to forebrain decides what to prioritize from the info given from the reticular formation gatekeeper info from medulla travels up to left and right side and then rooted to left or right side of brain organizes input from senses and sends to brain first stop for all sensory information EXCLUDING smell Relay center for incoming sensory information Organizes input from senses and sends to brain Sensory Switchboard Hypothalamus Regulates basic biological needs hunger thirst and temperature control appetite motivation emotion emotionally charged memory Corpus callosum structure that connects hemispheres and allows communication between them without this the left cannot connect with right split brain surgery splits this to stop left signalling seizure signals to right problems in this induces alien hand syndrome where hands do not agree with on another Limbic system Consists of the Hippocampus and Amygdala 1 Hippocampus Involved in forming retrieving memories 2 Amygdala Organizes motivational and emotional responses Also helps pick up social cues and intents from others and helps determine intent Cerebral cortex Has 4 Lobes Frontal lobe CEO has the Executive functions Has areas like Broca s Area Speech formation Motor Cortex Voluntary movement Association cortex combined areas of the brain that combine information from two or more senses Sensory Cortex Left Brain Language Right Brain Visual Geometry Music rhythm tone spatial Vision Parietal Lobe 2 parts Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Right side is Face and object recognition left side is Wernicke s Area speech understainding Left hemisphere Language Math Logic Right hemisphere Spatial abilities Face recognition Visual imagery Music
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