The Brain Neurons basic building blocks of the nervous system cells that enable communication regulate internal processes action and mechanism 5 types of chemical communications synaptic transmission stages synthesis storage release binding neurotransmitters are manufactured inside neurons neurotransmitters stored in synaptic vesticles bubbles Action potential nerve impulse leads to movement of vesicles to axon terminal surface and release of neurotransmitters exit terminal Neurotransmitters bind themselves to sites on receiving postsynaptic neuron s membrane receiving terminal produced by the body metabolizing neurotransmitters making them ineffective digesting Reuptake involves the releasing neuron actively taking up the released neurotransmitter to be stored again for later release a recycling program the absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted Both of these actions can be affected by drugs deactivation Breakdown involves enzymes proteins Glial Cells A supportive cell in the central nervous system Unlike neurons glial cells do not conduct electrical impulses The glial cells surround neurons and provide support for and insulation between them Glial cells are the most abundant cell types in the central nervous system Myelin Myelin covers the axon terminal SOLE JOB to speed up chemical communication Myelin Sheath Covers the axon terminal sheets and allows for information to travel quickly SOLE JOB to speed up chemical communication Myelinization Axon happens from back to front happens after birth development of myelin wrapped in myelin tube that information travels through sends the message down Nodes of Ranvier little nodes or gaps and info travels through bup bup bup these hotdog buns mario cart speed boosters through electrical impulses speeds of chemical communication Synapse The gaps between two neurons where the neurons can communicate with each other palm tree s roots to leaves of other palm trees space between axon and dentrites Neurotransmitters brain chemicals released by neurants that transmit information and allow neurons to talk to each other big 6 Sensory Neurons carry input messages from sensory organs to spinal cord and brain sending mail Motor Neurons Interneurons transmits messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs connective and associate functions makes mental functions emotions and behavior possible Central nervous system The central nervous system CNS is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system connects CNS with sensory receptors muscles and glands in body 2 Parts 1 Somatic Nervous System Voluntary muscle activation movement 2 Autonomic system Controls smooth muscle cardiac muscle and glands basically involuntary like stomach organs and intestines Sensory Neurons transmit messages from sense organs afferent Nerves Motor neurons sends messages from CNS to muscles Efferent Nerves Consists of a 2 Dual System 1 Para sympathetic Slows down body processes maintains tranquilities 2 sympathetic ex slows heart dilates vessals Activation or arousal function acts like one unit ex dilates pupil accelerates heart increased blood pressure Controls everything that is involuntary like blood vessels stomach and breathing Goal to maintain homeostasis
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