Islam To submit action of submitting to G d MONDAY Hadith Short report on what Muhammad said did or approved of Arabic Words Arabic language is based on root words 3 letters Muslim Common root with Islam SLM male who Islams Muslima female who Islams Mu min male who believes one who actually practices Mu mina female who believes Iman Faith comes from verb to believe series of beliefs religion Imam Literally someone who is in front of a group in front of group of people praying also usually a term of respect having religious knowledge being a spiritual leader Shia much more powerful almost prophets but not quite Similar function to a minister in a church just recently Ihsan comes from root Hasan means beauty means acting as if you know G d can see you highest level Koran Muslim holy book revelation word of G d Muhammad received invented the Qur an Muhammad was likely illiterate literally means recitation limited to Mohammad s lifetime other than the Qur an from Muhammad s lifetime so many historical challenges Tawhid Root is whid act of consciously affirming that G d is one core of Islamic monotheism core of Muhammad s mission Taqwa piety fearing G d comes from root to guard or protect oneself on guard to prevent from sinning Mohamed The prophet of Islam No sources Qur an Muhammad Five Pillars of Faith of Islam A Singular G d Allah Supreme G d Abraham was neither Jewish nor Christian he was Muslim because he submitted to G d ultimate submitting to G d was almost sacrificing his son which son is not specified could be Isaac or Ishmael Pilgrimage in Islam ends with animal sacrifice because Abraham was allowed to sacrifice an animal in place of his son A Sequence of Prophets Muslims must affirm all prophets who came before Muhammad seal final of prophets but all prophets after are considered false Moses Jesus fully human Adam Abraham Noah Hood Southern Arabia tried to bring people to light but didn t and were destroyed Sauda same story as Hood were Islamic prophets Koran mentions the Torah Psalms Gospels mentions that Abraham received something G d Jesus singled out in Koran by having received divine spirit Moses also seen at higher level they both appear relatively frequently in the Koran Difference specified but not clarified between prophets and messengers A Series of Revelations Muslims recognize that G d sent many books but see the Koran as the only revelation A Host of Angels humans created from mud angels can t disobey G d from light gin genies created from fire mischievous crazy some demonic some good Iblis is the leader of the gin o Was Satan Iblis an angel Because Iblis disobeys G d all angels told to bow down to Adam but Iblis doesn t do it Iblis is not powerful but very clever and has been permitted by G d to test people after refusing to bow down and having an argument Resurrection Judgment Heaven and Hell Strong idea of judgment day and end of days Muhammad insists it s a body resurrection All people will then be judged by G d and good to Heaven and bad to Hell both described vividly in the Koran Purgatory Koran does mention Heights all good and bad deeds weighed on a scale good deeds weigh much more than bad if scales exactly even Heights are the temporary Purgatory WEDNESDAY Five six Pillars of Practice Both men and women are expected to do them except for women if pregnant menstruating or breast feeding Testimony of Faith To say that G d is the one and only G d and Muhammad is his prophet Prayer Central to the faith many types of prayer Mosques usually have minarets towers in order to announce the call to prayer open space in the center courtyard Prayers formal prayers are obligatory Sunna aren t Women pray separately Masjid literally place of prostration to put one s forehead on the ground supposedly closest to G d when doing this Pray in the direction of Mecca sermon delivered from Minbar prayer niche in Qibla Friday midday prayer is 2 units of sermon and 2 units of prayer o Formal prayer times Adhan Mu adhdhin muezzin o Unit of prayer rak a o Obligatory vs Sunna not obligatory but highly o Formal Daily prayers always in Arabic Muhammad recommended and rewarded extra credit Prayer said that the whole world is a Masjid and you can pray anywhere clean Daybreak fair 2 rak as Midday zuhr 4 Afternoon asr 4 Sunset maghrib 3 Evening isha 4 o Other formal prayers Friday Congregational prayer jum a Ramadan Prayers tarawih Eid Prayers Eid al Fitr Eid al Adha Funeral prayers janaza Eclipse prayer Decision making prayer to help make a hard decision Almsgiving Obligatory and optional strongly encouraged in Islam a 2 5 tax about to give to the poor Fasting Ramadan Islam uses a Lunar calendar give up food water sex and smoking during the days sunrise to sunset Once a year Ramadan is the name of the month The Greater Pilgrimage hajj takes places in month of Hejja In 12th month of the Lunar year lasts 10 days pilgrimage to Mecca to go to Mecca at another time in the year is a lesser pilgrimage Everyone dresses the same way certain restrictions no sex can t be mean to anybody upwards of 2 million people visit Mecca each year allowed to conduct trade on the way and on the way back but not during the actual 10 days Jihad Not in the Hadith not really a pillar Jihad means to to struggle Jihad usually refers to conduct of warfare Jurist has special knowledge in law similar to law professor most advanced among them have ability to interpret and change law Notes on W C Smith s On Understanding Islam Islamic verbal creed G d is one and Muhammad is his apostle prophet is similar to the Christian Cross as the chief symbol more bearing witness to the faith than a creed Islamic and Jewish faith is more stating what they believe as if it were fact while Christianity is more telling that you believe it Muslims claim that they can only have allegiance to G d and not to any man as it would be an infringement of human dignity and to submit to it would be a sin To seek out purely earthly goals and value them such as wealth prestige sex national aggrandizement comfort etc is said to infringe on Islamic monotheism discussion point very hypocritical of modern Muslims Belief that G d is not inactive that G d is a part of everything and created a moral law but didn t leave man to find it on his own Sent G d s word through prophets and apostles beginning with Adam Islamic tradition is more concerned with happy about what Muhammad brought Koran than the man himself