Mario s Notes Typology of Modern Islam Traditionalists Madhhabi Sufi Islam majority Madhab is a legal school following one of the four sunni schools of law or Shi i school Post Madhabbi Sufi Islam have little to say about law but more about earth nature etc Most traditionalist teach in their native language Reformists Liberal Islam Liberal Salafi Islam leans towards creative approach Progressive Islam Revivalist Islam fundamentalists In English world we hear more about Reformists Conservative Salafi Wahhabi try to replicate how Abu Bakr and Umar did Islamism Goals is to have a state totally run by Islam utopian vision where all problems will disappear Salafi on liberal and revivalists branches Forefathers refers to the companions of the prophets both look back towards the first 2 3 centuries of Islam Both very keen on science don t apply it to religion Revival before the Europeans During these times there was an idea that the was a need Tajdi and Islah believed something had to be fixed for a reform for Muslim community to live happy something broken with Islam Ibn abd al Wahhab of Arabia 1703 92 Hostile towards Sufism Focus on God not just on creed and don t venerate other things Uthman dan Fodio of Nigeria 1754 1817 Muhammad al Sanusi of Libya 1787 1859 Shah Wali Allah of Delhi 1702 62 Most sophisticated All four men rely heavily on Qur an and Hadith Review strong movement in 18th century to reform different parts of Islamic world Liberal Reformist after the Europeans Jamal al Din al Afghani 1839 97 Well educated Goals wake up Muslim world pioneer emphasize unity between reason and religion unify in the face of European domination Pan Islamism Things can be brought from the outside and harmonized with Islam embrace the best of Europe Reason and Revelation Muhammad Abduh 1849 1905 worked for the British was a student of al Afghani Mufti of Egypt Liberal Salafi Islam Maslaha Public Welfare if it is good for public welfare Ali Abd al Raziq 1888 1966 very liberal argued using then it is Islamic Qur anic verses that you didn t need an Islamic state or a Caliphate but you can have one or another government system as long as the government promotes social welfare Are Islam and politics inseparable Says they can be separated Monday 9 November 2009 Revivalist Reformists something has gone horribly awry over the centuries and we need to try to recreate the intense piety of the first generation of Muslims Hasan al Banna 1906 49 from Egypt o Muslim Brotherhood founded 1928 was impressed by Christian missionaries making religion sound meaningful to youth wanted to impress modern ideas on the youth and make them Islamic One of the larger revivalist groups in Egypt example o The Qur an is our constitution and the Prophet is our Constitution is a Western idea they borrowed ideas from the West Want to adopt and assimilate Western ideas into Islamic values spheres of life o Islam is a comprehensive system which deals with all In modern writings its Islam acting and benefiting man in older writings its generally G d acting and benefiting man o Islam liberates the mind promotes contemplation of the universe honors science and scientists and welcomes all that is good and beneficial to mankind Three main points of the Revivalist groups o Indigenous movements began in Islamic countries o Organization and discipline well organized health clinics in population boom areas in the Middle East o Pragmatism what do you do with something not nitpicky meanings interference Critical of many local leaders as well as of Western Generally resistance to women s rights Hostility to history ignorance of problems of the early Muslim Revivalists transform religion from theology into an ideology community Sayyid Qutb 1906 66 Books o In the Shade of the Qur an o Social Justice in Islam Ideas o Milestones How teachings in Islam if applied properly could advance society s social justice Emotional and powerful view as to what needs to be done has many Qur anic verses as proof o The isolation of Islam from the active leadership of mankind has been a watershed in human history and by far the worst setback humanity has suffered o Islam vs Man made ideologies Islam is talked about as being right from G d directly Creating a new Islam that is separate from the Islam that has been interpreted misinterpreted by scholars o Islam vs Ignorance Jahiliya Prior to Islam time in Arabia is displayed in poor ethics and now there is a new Ignorance that Muslims who think they are Muslims are not actually Muslims Suggests and can be used as a reason to attack fellow Muslims because they aren t really Muslims o Liberation through submission The only way to have true freedom is to submit completely to G d otherwise we are enslaved to our human needs Also appears in Sufi ideas All humans would be equal because they are all submitting to G d Imprisoned and tortured then his teachings became extremely popular Assumptions of Radical Activists Islamists want a true Islamic state Crusader West vs Islam European crusades gave a hostile picture of the West Islamic Government Divine mandate Government without Shari a atheism Opposition to state sponsored clerics many religious scholars appointed by tyrants so it weakens the scholar s authority Jihad vs disbelievers obligatory some Muslims see Jihad as aggressive warfare People of the Book are not protected Militant Islamism Today ideology The Afghan Jihad 1979 89 reaction to Soviet invasion brought in radical Islamists from other Arab countries to fight the Soviets o Abdullah Azzam vs Ayman al Zawahiri Azzam Palestinian who argued for local Jihad to liberate Muslims under some sort of occupation clear goal to liberate some Muslims al Zawahiri should aim for major powers that are causing the occupations and strike out anywhere no clear goal seems to be to just cause suffering in other countries Landscapes of the Jihad book argues that its not a political movement that its just chaos because no clear goal or strategy o Osama bin Laden Global Jihad Al Qaeda and Affiliates Local Jihads Hamas Hizbullah Taleban Chechnya Somalia etc All these groups condemn 9 11 attacks because they didn t accomplish anything Dying to Win study analyzes suicide bombing Thursday 12 November 2009 Discussion Hasan al Banna involved in a Sufi order at age 12 at age 13 participated in anti British occupation protests said that nation of Islam should be more recognized globally weak presence in the world is unacceptable Formed