9 9 09 The Qur an has artful calligraphy because Muslims dislike pictures of people History of the Qur an no alternative version few people suggest that the text is written by several people as the text is relatively consistent Eternal or created eternal part of G d Has a beginning and end o Less authoritative if it s created did G d create it or is it o If it were eternal then the Qur an is part of G d o Most Muslims believe that the text is eternal and is an o Some Muslims believe that there can only be one thing attribute of G d that is eternal and that is G d and the Qur an is the word of G d anything else Angel Gabriel Jibril Prophet Muhammad 610 632 prophet during these years o Compromise is that G d created the Qur an before Only person involved in the receiving of the Qur an new parts consistently coming from 610 to 632 to Muhammad revealed vs circulated No books written in Arabic before the Qur an Arabic script may have come around at this time Caliph Uthman 644 656 3rd ruler during his rule the Qur an was written down and all combined together copies that were inconsistent with his tradition were burned o Oral traditions some show differences Qur an Some terms 114 chapters sura 6200 verses aya literally sign indicator Meccan vs Medinan Suras o Meccan Suras revealed to Muhammad before 622 Hijra o Medinan Suras revealed to Muhammad any time after year one in Islamic calendar more theological the Hijra more legislation Earliest Suras 96 68 73 74 11 no conclusive list of the order of Suras revealed to Muhammad Last Suras 9 5 Last ones to be revealed more conclusive authoritative Only a few later Medinan verses contradict overrule the previous Meccan verses Theological and Ethical Verses words sometimes just implied in Arabic The Opening Surat al Fatiha 1 o I invoke say to etc G d In the name of G d the Lord of Mercy the Giver of Mercy continues saying Master of the Day of Judgment o It is You we worship it is you we ask for help o A single request Guide us to the straight path The path who You have blessed o Generally repeated at each prayer The Throne Verse Ayat al kursi 2 255 o Divine Attributes G d there is no god but Him first half of the testimony of faith G d has many names Sample The Ever Living the Ever Watchful watchful can mean supportive constant work that G d does for us Sample The Most High o All that is in the heavens and the earth belongs to o Intercession to stand on behalf of another Him Who can intercede with G d Point of idolatry to ask the minor gods to People make mistakes and generally need ask the major god s for help someone to help with G d as a lawyer would help in a courtroom intercede some say that only Muhammad will be there to help out Muslims on Judgment Day For some Muslims only Muhammad can intercession Leaves open the possibility that there can be o The only things we know are the things G d lets us o The soul is something from G d and something that we know can t know much about some things that the knowledge is restricted to G d o G d s Throne extends over the Heaven and the Earth Literal reading G d sits on a literally massive Some people interpret metaphorically G d s throne but G d doesn t have a body power extends over everything Interacts with the Torah which says that G d rests on the seventh day o Neither slumber nor sleep overtakes Him Suras 99 and 101 The End of days When the earth is shaken violently in its last quaking Whoever has done an atom s weight of good will see it many people insists that good deeds count 10x as good as bad deeds count 1x bad What is the Crashing Blow al qari a o People will be scattered like moths and mountains like wool The Scales of Deeds o Good deeds weighed vs bad deeds the righteous life will be rewarded Theme of justice Pleasant life vs Bottomless pit o Heaven vs Hell Bottomless pit designed to shock people into paying attention Counsel Sura 42 starts with Arabic letters Ha Mim Ayn Sin Qaf mysterious meaning What do angels do What is the Prophet s mission o He is a warner to spread the message he is not responsible for everyone else s souls There is nothing like Him 42 11 How does Islam relate to earlier religions o Many names for G d in this Sura o Noah Abraham Moses and Jesus referred to as prophets What does G d do What are the qualities of the believers o Shun great sins and gross indecencies forgive when they are angry etc Let evil be requited by evil harm to harm right to retaliate but better reward for those who forgive anger He does not like those who do wrong 40 How must humans behave The Sura of Mary The birth of John the Baptist The birth of Jesus to Miriam Mary Miriam is the seminite Meccan Sura First birth to wife of Zachariah he was a really old man and name for Mary they had no children he called to G d and asked for a son the Lord said it was easy to make the son as it was easy to make man out of nothing Signal Zachariah could not talk for 3 days G d told Zachariah to name the boy John Mary was out in the middle of nowhere and an angel told her that she would have a son despite being a virgin and Mary had the baby in seclusion She went out into town and couldn t talk so the baby said that he was created by G d not the son but created by prophet of G d but neither he nor his mother were divine Mary and Zachariah weren t allowed to speak by themselves to let the work of G d speak for itself Clinging to the palm tree and shaking it to eat some dates in the Koran and Jesus speaking were ONLY in the Qur an not the Bible In Lecture Jesus says Peace upon me when I was born peace be upon me the day I die and peace be upon me the day I am raised everyone will be raised that day the Final Day He is perhaps a sign that the end is near if he comes back to fight a beast Qur an is clear that Jesus did not die on the cross but G d raised him up Muslim theologians are unclear whether he actually died or was raised into heaven and will come back and then die after he comes back Mary is revered Monday 14 September 2009 The First Couple Adam Adam and the Angels …