1 In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material Hershey and Chase made us of a DNA contains phosphorus whereas protein does not 2 Cytosine makes up 42 of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism Approx what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine a 8 a A C G T 3 In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA which of the following will be found 4 What is meant by the description antiparallel regarding the strands that make up DNA a The 5 to 3 direction of one strand runs counter to the 5 to 3 direction of the other strand 5 Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following reasons a Prokaryotes have a single origin of replication whereas eukaryotes have many 6 An okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangement a 5 RNA nucleotides DNA nucleotides 3 7 The enzyme telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear chromosomes by which method a Adding numerous short DNA sequences which form a hairpin turn 8 What is the function of DNA polymerase III a To add nucleotides to the 3 end a growing DNA strand 9 What is the function of topoisomerase a Relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork 10 What enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5 3 direction a DNA polymerase III b What is the role of DNA ligase in the elongation of the lagging strand during replication Joints okazaki fragments together 12 A new DNA stand elongates only in the 5 to 3 direction because a DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the free 3 end 13 I Helicase separates DNA strands during replication II DNA poly III III Ligase covalently connects segments of DNA IV DNA poly I removes RNA nucleotides from the primer V Primase synthesizes short segments of RNA 11 S 14 S 15 Which of the following would you expect of a eukaryote lacking telomerase a A reduction in chromosome length in gametes 16 Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression but does in eukaryotic expression a A poly A tail is added to the 3 end of an mRNA and a cap is added to the 5 end 17 The TATA sequence is found only several nucleotides away from the start site of transcription This relates to which of the following a The number of hydrogen bonds between A and T in DNA 18 Coding sheet diagram 19 What is a ribozyme a An RNA with enzymatic activity 20 Which of the following is NOT true of a codon it extends from one end of a tRNA molecule 21 CODING SEQUENCE GIANT CHART a A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe b What amino acid sequence will be generated based on the following mRNA codon sequence 5 AUG UCU UCG UUA leu ile val would be E 3 AAA GAA TAA CAA 5 UCC UUG 3 D met ser ser leu ser lu c A peptide has the sequence NH2 phe pro lys gly phe pro COOH Which of the following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide C 5 TTT CCC AAA GGG TTT CCC 22 TRNA molecule a What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule i Hydrogen bonding between base pairs b Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid phenylaline UUC c At the 3 end the amino acid binds covalently 23 Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of protein s activity it might substitute an amino acid for an active site 24 A frameshift mutation could result from either an insertion or deletion of a base 25 In eukaryotic cells transcription cannot begin until several transcription factors have been bound to the promoter a Transcription in eukaryotes requires several TF s RNA polymerase 26 Viruses are called obligate viruses because they use a host cell s nucleotides for transcription translation use a host cell s amino acids and ribosomes for protein synthesis and they use a host cell s metabolic enzymes pathways to obtain energy 27 Characteristic of the lytic cycle large of phages released at a time a Lysogenic cycle phage genome replicates with the with host genome 28 Enveloped viruses 29 Function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis 30 In response to chemical signals prokaryotes can do which of the following a Alter the level of production of various enzymes 31 The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon that is turned off whenever tryptophan is added to the growth medium a If an operon codes for enzymes for making an essential amino acid and is regulated like the trp operon the amino acid acts as a corepressor 32 The role of a metabolite that controls a repressible operon is to a Bind to the repressor and activate it 33 There s a mutation in the repressor that results in a molecule known as a super repressor because it represses the lac operon permanently Characterize such a mutant it cannot bind to the inducer 34 Effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA a Deletion of 2 nucleotides most serious effect b Base pair deletion most damaging to protein c d Common mutation in CF polypeptide missing an amino e Small scale mutation base deletion near the start of a gene Phenotype change mutation single nucleotide deletion in exon 35 What is true of histones a H1 not present in the nucleosome bead brings nucleosomes together b Are positively charged and DNA is negatively charged c Without histones DNA couldn t be packed into nucleus since DNA wrapps around 36 Methylation and de methylation know products 37 siRNA a short double stranded RNA whose strands can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA 38 Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they express different genes 39 MyoD a transcription factor that binds to polymerase 40 Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the next few questions 5 UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3 Inclusion of the I1 in the mRNA a b Removal of the 5 UTR also removes the 5cap quickly degrades c UUU d Introns get cut out mature 41 Alternative RNA splicing can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA 42 Sequence of levels in life s hierarchy nervous system brain nervous tissue nerve cell 43 CHON make up 95 of living matter Element in all organic molecules Carbon 44 Nucleus of a Nitrogen atom has 7 neutrons 7 protons nitrogen has a mass number of 14 and an atomic mass of approx 14 daltons 45 H2O can make 4 hydrogen bonds 46 pH of a solution with OH concentration of 10 12 pH 2
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