Chapter 1- Biology: The Study of Life- Life Properties:-Evolution -Order-Regulation-Response to Environment-Energy Processing-Reproduction-Growth and Development- Emergent Properties: Result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system. i.e.: Bike Parts; They need to be placed correctly in order for the bike to work properly.- Biology is a multidisciplinary science-Living organisms are subject to basic laws of physics and chemistry- Concept 1.1: Life can be studied at different levels, from molecules to the entire living planet; it can be divided into different levels of biological organizationCell is an Organism’s basic structure and function.-All are enclosed by a membrane and use DNA as their genetic information.• Eukaryotic Cell: has membrane-enclosed organelles, the largest of which is usually the nucleus• Prokaryotic Cell: is simpler and usually smaller, and does not contain a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles• DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid.-DNA is the substance of Genes.-Genes are the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring.• Feedback Mechanisms allow biological processes to self regulate.-Negative Feedback: as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it slows and less of the product is produced. Ex: Blood Clotting.-Positive Feedback: as more of a product accumulates, the process that creates it speeds up and more of the product is produced. Ex: Contractions during childbirth.• Evolution:-Everything we know about biology-Organisms are modified decedents of common ancestors-Evolution Explains patterns of unity and diversity in living organisms-Similar traits among organisms are explained by decedents from common ancestor• Concept 1.3: Scientists make observations and then form test hypotheses.-Inquiry: Search for information and explanation-Scientific process includes making observations, forming logical hypotheses and testing them.• Data: recorded observations-Qualitative Data: descriptions. Ex: colors of cars.-Quantitative Data: Recorded measurements. Ex: Number of cars at time intervals• Inductive Reasoning: drawing conclusions through logical induction-Repeating specific observations can lead to important generalizations.-Ex: All organisms are made of cells.• Observations and inductive reasoning lead us to as questions and propose hypotheses.• Role of Hypotheses in inquiry-Is a tentative answer to a question.-Leads to predictions that can be tested by observation.• Deductive Reasoning: General Premises to make specific predictions. -Ex: if organisms are made of cells (premise 1), and humans are organisms (premise 2), then humans are composed of cells (deductive prediction)• Hypotheses:-Must be testable and falsifiable.• Theories in Science-Broader in scope than a hypothesis-General, and can lead to new testable hypotheses-Supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a
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