Name - Printed___________________________ Signature___________________________ Version 1 Exam 2 – March 1, 2013 BSC 2010, Introductory Biology Part I – Knowing the Vocabulary For questions 1-14 identify which word (if any) fits the given definition, as defined by the textbook and vocabulary lists. 1. "A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one." a. ligand b. ATP c. phosphorylated intermediate d. cofactor e. none of the above 2. "A transmembrane protein channel that opens or closes in response to a particular stimulus." a. ion channel b. gated channel c. proton pump d. aquaporin e. none of the above 3. “A molecule (often a reactant) with a phosphate group covalently bound to it, making it more reactive (less stable) than the unphosphorylated molecule.” a. ATP b. phosphorylated intermediate c. kinesin d. reactive oxygen species e. none of the above 4. “A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules.” a. metabolism b. anabolic pathway c. signaling pathway d. spontaneous pathway e. none of the above 5. "The portion of a biological system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system." a. free energy b. kinetic energy c. potential energy d. entropy e. none of the above6. "A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate." a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. Calvin cycle d. metabolism e. none of the above 7. “The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.” a. glycolysis b. citric acid cycle c. oxidative phosphorylation d. photosynthesis e. none of the above 8. "An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms." a. heterotroph b. cytotroph c. macrophage d. fungus e. none of the above 9. “A light-capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction-center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes.” a. antenna b. photosystem c. plasmodesmata d. photovoltaic cell e. none of the above 10. “A plant in which the Calvin cycle is preceded by reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four-carbon compound, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.” a. CAM plant b. cereal c. C4 plant d. arabadopsis e. none of the above 11. "An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein, thus phosphorylating the protein." a. phosphorylated intermediate b. ATP synthase c. protein kinase d. adenylyl cyclase e. none of the above12. “A small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as a calcium ion (Ca2+) or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signaling molecule bound by a signal receptor protein.” a. phosphorylated intermediate b. cofactor c. second messenger d. coenzyme e. none of the above 13. "The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated." a. Cytokinesis b. G1 phase c. G2 phase d. mitotic phase e. none of the above 14. "The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism's or virus's genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences." a. chromosome b. chromatin c. gene d. genome e. none of the above Part II – Understanding the Homework 15. In which of the following would there be the greatest need for osmoregulation? a. a lymphocyte in extracellular fluid before it moves into lymph fluid b. cells of a tidepool animal such as an anemone c. an animal connective tissue cell bathed in isotonic body fluid a red blood cell surrounded by plasma d. a plant being grown hydroponically (in a watery mixture of designated nutrients) e. all would have equal need for osmoregulation 16. Water passes quickly through cell membranes because a. it moves through hydrophobic channels. b. the bilayer is hydrophilic. c. water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis. d. it is a small, polar, charged molecule. e. it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.17. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true? a. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier. b. Enzymes make the rate of a reaction independent of substrate concentrations. c. Enzymes change the equilibrium point of the reactions they catalyze. d. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reducing the rate of reverse reactions. e. Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by making the reaction more exergonic. 18. The mathematical expression for the change in the Gibb’s free energy of a system is ΔG =ΔH - TΔS. Which of the following is not correct? a. ΔS is the change in entropy. b. ΔG is the change in the Gibbs free energy. c. T is the time of the reaction. d. ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the reaction. e. All of the above are correct. 19. Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the a. free energy of the system. b. free energy of the universe. c. entropy of the universe. d. enthalpy of the universe. e. entropy of the system. 20. In cellular respiration, the energy for most ATP synthesis is supplied by a. converting oxygen to ATP. b. high energy phosphate bonds in organic molecules. c. transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate. d. a proton gradient across a membrane. e. generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain. 21. Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells? a. cytosol b. mitochondrial matrix c. mitochondrial intermembrane space d. mitochondrial inner membrane e. mitochondrial outer membrane 22. Which of the following best describes the immediate function of the electron transport chain? a. movement of water by osmosis across a membrane b. diffusion of electrons through a membrane c. reduction of water to produce ATP energy d. formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP e. establishment of a proton gradient across a membrane23. Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells? a. outer membrane of mitochondria b. cytoplasm c. matrix of mitochondria d. thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts e. plants do not have an electron
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