Chapter 49-Organization of the vertebrate nervous system->The brain and spinal cord containGrey Matter: which consist of neuron cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axonsWhite Matter: which consists of bundles of myelinated axonsSpinal cord conveys info to and form the brain, also produces reflexes independent of the brain.Reflex: body’s automatic response to stimuli-Peripheral Nervous SystemThe PNS transmits info to and form DNA and regulates movement and the internal environmentIn the PNS, afferent (sensory) neurons transmit info to the CNS and efferent (motor) neurons transmit info away from the CNSPNS has 2 components1) Motor System: carries signals to skeletal muscles and is voluntary2) Autonomic Nervous system: Regulates smooth and cardiac muscles and is general involuntaryPNS has 3 divisions1) Sympathetic division: regulates arousal and energy generation (fight or flight)2) Parasympathetic division: antagonistic effects on target organs, promotes calming and a return to “rest and digest” functions3) Enteric Division: controls activity of the digestive tract, pancreas and gall bladder-Concept 49.2: The vertebrate brain is regionally specialized-Major Brain Areas1) Fore Brain: Largest Part1) Cerebrum: awareness, language, cognition, memory, and consciousness2) Hypothalamus: Controls the pituitary gland secreting hormones, regulates thirst and hunger2) Mid-Brain: consists of the superior part of the brain stem (revices and integrates sensory info)3) Hind-brain:1) Cerebellum: coordinates muscle movement2) Pons and Medulla: Internal body functions, breathing, and heart rate-Lateralization of cortical functions2 Hemispheres make distinct contributions to brain function-Left: Language, math, logic, processing of serial sequencesRight: Pattern Recognition, nonverbal thinking, emotional processingLateralization: differences in hemisphere functionCorpus Callosum: 2 hemispheres work together through communicating through fibers.-Front Lobe functionFrontal lobe damage may impair decision making and emotional responsesbut leaves intellect and memory intactFront lobe = Executive
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