Name - Printed___________________________ Signature___________________________ Version 1 Exam 4 – April 22, 2013 BSC 2010, Introductory Biology Part I – Knowing the Vocabulary. For questions 1-14 identify which word (if any) fits the given definition, as defined by the textbook and vocabulary lists. 1. “The third stage of food processing in animals: the uptake of small nutrient molecules by an organism's body.“ a. ingestion b. digestion c. elimination d. absorption e. none of the above 2. “An amino acid that an animal cannot synthesize itself and must be obtained from food in prefabricated form.” a. essential amino acid b. glutamic acid c. histamine d. pepsin e. none of the above 3. “An enzyme that digests proteins by hydrolysis.” a. bile b. lipase c. amylase d. hydrolase e. none of the above 4. “In animals, a vessel that carries blood toward the heart.” a. vein b. artery c. capillary d. leukocyte e. none of the above5. “A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets are suspended.” a. lymph b. cartilage c. hemolymph d. bone marrow e. none of the above 6. “An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.” a. tubulin b. albumin c. oxygenase d. hemoglobin e. none of the above 7. “Any relatively unspecialized cell that can produce, during a single division, one identical daughter cell and one more specialized daughter cell that can undergo further differentiation.” a. erythrocyte b. stem cell c. neuron d. t-cell e. none of the above 8. “A form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to pathogens and that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously.” a. adaptive immunity b. innate immunity c. clonal selection d. t-cell activation e. none of the above 9. “A group of about 30 blood proteins that may amplify the inflammatory response, enhance phagocytosis, or directly lyse extracellular pathogens.” a. complement system b. lysozyme c. antibody d. plasma e. none of the above10. “A substance released by mast cells that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable in inflammatory and allergic responses.” a. histamine b. vasodilation c. erythropoetin d. vasoconstriction e. none of the above 11. “A protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen.” a. granule b. cytokine c. antibody d. histamine e. none of the above 12. “A typically long extension, or process, of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body toward target cells.” a. axon b. synapse c. dendrite d. cell body e. none of the above 13. “An electrical signal that propagates (travels) along the membrane of a neuron or other excitable cell as a nongraded (all-or-none) depolarization.” a. gated voltage b. neurotransmitter c. refractory period d. synaptic signaling e. none of the above 14. “A type of glial cell that forms insulating myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system.” a. B-cell b. neurite c. stem cell d. schwann cell e. none of the abovePart II – Understanding the Homework 15. The "essential nutrients" for proper human nutrition include __________. a. glucose b. cellulose c. all of the amino acids d. active enzymes from plants and/or animals e. calcium, sodium, potassium, and other minerals 16. Choose the list that presents the four stages of food processing in the order in which they naturally occur. a. ingestion → absorption → elimination → digestion b. ingestion → digestion → elimination → absorption c. ingestion → digestion → absorption → elimination d. absorption → digestion → ingestion → elimination e. digestion → ingestion → absorption → elimination 17. Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream as _____________. a. enzymes b. peptides c. polymers d. monomers e. disaccharides 18. For ingested foods, the first opportunity for digestion of proteins by the enzyme pepsin occurs in the ____________. a. mouth b. stomach c. pancreas d. large intestine e. small intestine 19. An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with _____________. a. vasodilation b. vasoconstriction c. narrowing of the arteries d. a reduction in blood flow in that region e. a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed20. The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are __________________________ a. cortisol and adrenal gland, respectively. b. erythropoietin and kidney, respectively. c. epinephrine and adrenal gland, respectively. d. growth hormone and pancreas, respectively. e. acetylcholine and bone marrow, respectively. 21. The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is a. the veins. b. the arteries. c. the arterioles. d. the capillaries. e. the metarterioles. 22. Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following except a. neutrophils b. macrophages c. dendritic cells d. natural killer cells 23. The activation of helper T cells is likely a. when a cytotoxic T cell releases cytokines. b. when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell. c. in the bone marrow during the self-tolerance test. d. when B cells respond to T-independent antigens. e. when natural killer (NK) cells come in contact with a tumor cell. 24. The transfusion of type B blood to a person who has type AB blood would result in a. no reaction because the AB-type individual does not have antibodies for A or B b. the recipient's anti-A antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells. c. the recipient's anti-B antibodies reacting with the donated red blood cells. d. the recipient's B antigens reacting with the donated anti-B antibodies. e. the recipient's A antigens reacting with the donated anti-A antibodies. 25. The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes; rather, this wide range of antibody production is due to a. DNA rearrangements. b. alternative splicing of exons after transcription. c. increased rate of mutation in the RNA
View Full Document
Unlocking...