Chapter 40-Concept 40.1: Animal form and funtion are correlated at all levels or organizationIn vertebrates the space between cells is filled with interstitial fluid which allows movement of material in and out of cellsComplex body plan helps an animal living in a variable environment maintain homeostasis-Concept 40.2:Feed back control maintains the internal environment in many animals-Regulating and conformingRegulator: uses internal control mechanisms to moderate internal change in the face of external environmental fluctuationConformer: allows internal conditions to vary with certain external changes-HomeostasisHomeostasis: main safe state-Mechanisms of homeostasisGiven variable fluctuations above or below a set point serve as a stimulus, these are detected by a sensor and trigger a response-Feedback control in homeostasisDynamic equilibrium of homeostasis is maintained by a negative feedback, which helps to return from a variable to a normal range-Concept 40.3 Homeostasis processes for thermoregulation involve form, function, and behaviorthermoregulation: process by which animals maintain an internal temp with in a tolerable rangeEndothermic: generate own body heatEctothermic: absorb heat from outside-Balancing heat loss and gain1) Radiation: Transfer of heat between objects not in direct contact2) Evaporation: removal of heat from surfaces as liquid evaporates3) convection: transfer of heat as air or liquid moves past surface4) conduction: direct transfer of heat-5 adaptions help animals thermoregulation1) Insulation2) Circulatory Adaptions: regulation of blood flow near the body surfacevasodilation: blood flow in skin increases, facilitating heat lossvasoconstriction: blood flow in skin decreases, lowering heat lossCountercurrent Exchange: transfer heat between fluids flowing inopposite directions and reduce heat loss, used by marine animals3)cooling by evaporative heat loss4) Behavioral responses5) Adjusting metabolic heat production-thermogenesis: adjustment to metabolic heat production to maintain body tempIncreased by muscle activity such as moving or shivering-Physiological Thermostat and Feverthermoregulation is controlled by a region of the brain called hypothalamusTriggers heat loss or gainFever is result of a change to the set point for a bio
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