CHAPTER 41 1 Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as a Fats 2 The essential nutrients for proper human nutrition include a calcium sodium potassium and other minerals 3 To maintain adequate nutrition animals require dietary access to certain amino acids An amino acid that is referred to as nonessential would be best described as one that a can be made by the animal s body from other substances 4 Choose the list that presents the four stages of food processing in the order in which they naturally occur a ingestion digestion absorption elimination 5 Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol whereas protein digestion yields amino acids both digestive processes a add a water molecule to break bonds hydrolysis 6 An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system a allows for specialized regions with specialized functions 7 Choose the correct anatomical sequence that presents the order in which food in the digestive system passes through a pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine 8 For ingested foods the first opportunity for enzymatic digestion occurs in the a Mouth 9 Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that a begins the hydrolysis of proteins in the stomach CHAPTER 42 10 Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream as a Monomers 11 Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because a they have cellulose digesting symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs 12 Mouse mutations can affect an animal s appetite and eating habits The ob gene codes for a satiety factor the hormone leptin The db gene product the leptin receptor is required to respond to the satiety factor Leptin is a product of adipose cells Therefore a very obese mouse would be expected to have a mutation of ob or db 1 The fluid that moves around in the circulatory system of a typical arthropod is a The interstitial fluid 2 Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body s cells are likely to have a A closed circulatory system 3 The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the a Fishes 4 To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation an organism would need a n a Four chambered heart 5 Which of the following best describes an artery a Arteries carry blood away from the heart 1 6 The material present in arterioles that is 6 not present in capillaries is a circular smooth muscle cells that can alter the size of the arterioles 7 The set of blood vessels with the slowest velocity of blood flow is a The capillaries 8 An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with a Vasodilation 9 The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells and the organ where this hormone is synthesized are a erythropoietin and kidney respectively 10 The plasma proteins in humans a Maintain the blood s osmotic 11 A normal event in the process of blood pressure clotting is the a Activation of prothrombin to thrombin CHAPTER 43 1 Acidity in human sweat is an example of a Innate immunity 2 Engulfing phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following except a Natural killer cells 3 An inflammation causing signal released by mast cells at the site of an infection is a Histamine 4 The complement system is a a group of antimicrobial proteins that act together in a cascade fashion 5 Histamines trigger dilation of nearby blood vessels as well as an increase in their permeability producing a redness heat and swelling 2 a Immunological memory accounts for the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased 7 The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes rather this wide range of antibody production is due to a DNA rearrangements 8 The activation of helper T cells is likely a when an antigen is displayed by a dendritic cell 9 Secondary immune responses upon a second exposure to a pathogen are due to the activation of a memory cells 10 An epitope is a that part of an antigen that actually binds to an antigen receptor 11 The function of antibodies is to a mark pathogenic cells for destruction 12 This type of immunity is present only when a newborn infant is being fed by actively nursing on its mother and ends when nursing ends a Passive immunity 13 Arrange these components of the mammalian immune system as it first responds to a pathogen in the correct sequence a b III Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes IV Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous II Lymphocytes secrete antibodies I Pathogen is destroyed d e V Only memory cells remain c 14 Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because a rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surface proteins in infected host cells 15 The transfusion of type A blood to a person who has type O blood would result in a the recipient s anti A antibodies clumping the donated red blood cells 16 A patient who undergoes a high level of mast cell degranulation dilation of blood vessels and acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from a anaphylactic shock immediately following exposure to an allergen C HAPTER 48 17 The nucleus and most of the organelles in a neuron are located in the a Cell body 18 The point of connection between two communicating neurons is called a The synapse 19 In a simple synapse neurotransmitter chemicals are released by a the synaptic terminals of the presynaptic neuron 20 The information receiving section of a 21 Most of the neurons in the human brain neuron is its a Dendrites are a interneurons 22 Choose the set that includes the most charged compounds that are more abundant inside neurons in the cytosol than outside the neurons in the extracellular fluid a potassium ions and proteins 23 Ions move in the direction opposite to that favored by the chemical concentration gradient when a they are pumped by proteins that require ATP hydrolysis and when the electrical charge gradient repulses or attracts them http quizlet com 30057074 bsc2010 unit 4 flash cards
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