BSC2010 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 1 SPRING 2012 STUDY GUIDE 19 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Vocabulary Aorta Arteries Arterioles Atherosclerosis Atria o is the largest artery in the body originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen o Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart o Vessels that carry blood from an artery to a capillary bed o is the blockage of arteries by the build up of fatty deposits called plaques If untreated atherosclerosis of coronary arteries can cause heart attacks o The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins and transfer it to the ventricles The bird and mammalian hearts have two atria a left and a right o is a part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers o which are between the atria and the ventricles are the mitral valve and Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular valves the tricuspid valve Blood pressure o measured with a sphygmomanometer Capillaries o The smallest of the blood vessels these permeate tissues and organs and is where the exchange of nutrients and gasses occurs between the circulatory system and the rest of the body Cardiac catherization o The insertion of a catheter tube into a chamber or vessel of the heart This is done for o Investigative purposes to examine blood flow o Intervention Release x ray opaque dye iodine into vessel or chamber of heart Insert a stent to expand a clogged vessel usually a coronary artery Closed circulatory system o Amphibians and reptiles Both groups have 3 chambered hearts and mechanisms to divert blood from lungs to rest of system when organism is underwater o Mammals and birds 4 chambered heart 2 separate blood circuits o Originate at base of aorta and supply muscles of heart with oxygen rich Coronary arteries blood Diastolic Heart attack Hemolymph Inferior vena cava Interstitial fluid o when ventricles relax pressure reduced o Atherosclerosis is the blockage of arteries by the build up of fatty deposits called plaques If untreated atherosclerosis of coronary arteries can cause heart attacks o is a fluid in the circulatory system of some arthropods o also known as the posterior vena cava o is the large vein that carries de oxygenated blood from the lower half of the body into the right atrium of the heart o is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals It is the main component of the extracellular fluid which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid o is one of the four chambers in the human heart It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it into the left ventricle via the mitral valve Left atrium Left ventricle o is one of four chambers two atria and two ventricles in the human heart It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the mitral valve and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic valve Open circulatory system o The open circulatory system is a system in which fluid called hemolymph in a cavity called the hemocoel bathes the organs directly with oxygen and nutrients and there is no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid this combined fluid is called hemolymph or haemolymph Plaque Precapillary sphincter Pulmonary artery o a buildup of white blood cell sometimes termed fatty despite absence of adipocytes deposits within the wall of an artery o is a band of smooth muscle that adjusts the blood flow into each capillary o carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs These are the only arteries other than umbilical arteries in the fetus that carry deoxygenated blood o The part of the circulatory system that brings blood to and from the lungs Pulmonary circuit Pulmonary vein Right atrium o are large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart In humans there are four pulmonary veins two from each lung They carry oxygenated blood which is unusual since almost all other veins carry deoxygenated blood o is one of four chambers two atriaand two ventricles in the hearts of mammals including humans and archosaurs which include birds and crocodilians It receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus and pumps it into the right ventricle through thetricuspid valve Right ventricle o is one of four chambers two atria and two ventricles in the human heart It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve and pumps it into the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve and pulmonary trunk o It is triangular in form and extends from the right atrium to near the apex of the heart Semilunar valves the pulmonary valve Sinoatrial node o which are in the arteries leaving the heart are the aortic valve and o is the impulse generating pacemaker tissue located in the right atrium of the heart and thus the generator of normal sinus rhythm Superior vena cava Systemic circuit o is a large diameter yet short vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the heart s right atrium o The parts of the circulatory system that bring blood to and from all the tissues and organs other then the lungs o just after ventricles contract pressure in system is highest o is an artificial tube inserted into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease induced localized flow constriction Thoroughfare channel o central channel in the arteriolar system flow through the channel is controlled by the sphincter effect of the branch of the arteriole the metarteriole o Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart o The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and then pump it out of the heart to the body The bird and mammalian hearts have two ventricles left and right Systolic Stent Veins Ventricles Venules o Blood vessels that carry blood from a capillary bed to the veins Principles and Concepts Know the basic functions of the circulatory system and how single celled organisms such as Paramecium and simple multicellular organisms such as Hydra carry out these basic functions without the use of circulatory systems Know the basic features and differences between open and closed circulatory systems o Be familiar with the main differences between the closed circulatory systems in amphibians reptiles and mammals and how each system is best suited for the organisms where they occur Be most familiar with the circulatory system cardiovascular system of
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