SPEECH MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE PROFESSOR ZIEGLER CHAPTERS 1 2 9 12 13 14 15 SPC1017 Chapter 1 The communication process 1 Define communication and explain it as a process a Communication is any process in which people through the use of symbols verbally and or nonverbally consciously or not consciously intentionally or unintentionally generate meanings information ideas feelings and perceptions within and across various contexts cultures channels and media b Communication is a process means it is always changing c The process of communication is made up of various elements i Sender receivers messages channels noise feedback and setting ii Sender receivers sharing is not a one way process in which one person sends ideas and the other receives them Most communication has sender receivers both sending and receiving at the same time iii Message made up of ideas and feelings that sender receivers want to share Meaning is created jointly there is no message if there aren t common symbols iv Channel the route traveled by a message it is the means a message uses to reach the sender receivers ex Sound sight the senses v Feedback the response of the sender receivers to each other Sensory acuity means paying attention to all elements in the communication environment vi Noise interference that keeps a message from being understood or accurately interpreted 1 External noise comes from the environment keeps the message 2 from being heard or understood ex Yelling Internal noise occurs in the minds of the sender receivers when their thoughts or feelings are focused on something other than the communication at hand ex Thinking about something else 3 Semantic noise caused by people s emotional reactions to words vii Setting the environment in which communication occurs communication viii All communication is made up of sender receivers messages channels will change when setting changes feedback noise and setting 2 Explain communication as a transaction and how the three principles relate to effective communication a Transactional Communication involves three important principles i Communication is continuous and simultaneous 1 You are always involved in sending and receiving messages no matter what ii Communication events have a past present and future 3 Describe the types of communication 1 You respond to every situation from experiences moods and expectations 2 Future influences communication If you want something to continue you will say and do things to make this happen iii Participants in communication play certain rules 1 Roles are parts you play or ways you behave with others 2 Roles do not always stay the same they vary with moods setting and noise Communication changes to meet the needs of each relationship and situation a Four different kinds most used intrapersonal small group and public b communication Intrapersonal communication language use and or thought that occurs within you the communicator Involves your active internal involvement in the symbolic processing of messages i You are your own sender and receiver and provide feedback to yourself ex Daydreaming talking to yourself c Interpersonal communication communication on a one to one basis usually in an informal unstructured setting i Occurs mostly between two people but may include more ii Each person is a sender receiver iii Offers great opportunity for feedback d Small group communication occurs when a small number of people meet to i Group must be small enough so each has a chance to interact with all other e Computer Mediated Communication technologies that facilitate both human communication and the interactive sharing of information solve a problem members i Is asynchrous f Public Communication the sender receiver speaker sends a message the g speech to an audience Intercultural communication The communication that occurs whenever two or more people from different cultures interact i Culture the ever changing values traditions social and political relationships and worldview created and shared by a group of people bound together by a combination of factors common history geographic location language social class and or religion ii Co culture people who are part of a larger culture but also belong to a smaller group that has some different values attitudes or beliefs Inherent cultural issues associated with any form of communication iii 4 Explain the elements of communication competence a Competent communication The ability to communicate in a personally effective and socially appropriate manner Three Components i Knowledge recognize what communication practice is appropriate ii Skill have the ability to perform that practice iii Motivation want to communicate in an affective and appropriate manner b Strategic Flexibility expanding your communication repertoire your collection or stock of communication behaviors that can readily be brought into use to enable you to use the best skill or behavior available for a particular situation i Without SF you approach situations with limited resources ii 6 Steps of SF Anticipate Assess Evaluate Select Apply Reassess and reevaluate iii Creativity capacity to synthesize vast amounts of information and wrestle with complex problems 1 Drives successful Strategic Flexibility c Active Open Mindedness AOM intent of opening your mind 5 Discuss the principles of ethical communication and the foundation out of which ethical conduct is most likely to grow a Ethical Communication a component of each of the six types of communication it is communication that is honest fair and considerate of other s rights Communication is honest when communicators tell the truth it is fair and considerate and when they consider listener s feelings i No excuse is good enough to justify unethical conduct ii Unethical communication threatens the quality of all communication and consequently the well being of individuals and the society in which we live iii Ethical issues are inherent Chapter 2 Self Perception and Communication 1 Explain the role of self and perception in communication a Both self and perception are foundations for effective communication a Self concept how you think and feel about yourself b Perception How you look at others and the world around you c How you look at the world depends on what you think of yourself and vise versa d Self concept can set limits on behavioral possibilities e You will perceive the world in ways that are in keeping with your self concept f Doesn t take much change in self