SPC1017 Test 2Lecture 1-Interpersonal Relationships and Evaluating and Improving RelationsInterpersonal communication definition-one person interacting with another on a one to one basis, often in an informal, unstructured settingTwo approaches to interpersonal communication1. Situational approach-focuses on elements of interpersonal-process (environment, message, feedback)-contexts-nature of messages-effects of variable on the success of a given interpersonal communication interaction (noise, clothing)-examine individual parts in order to understand the process2. Developmental approach-focuses on interactions and relationships-relational development, maintenance, and disintegration-ex. How self concept affects dating relationships, change in eye contact when relationship stage changesEmotional intelligence definition-the ability to understand and get along with others-includes:-being self aware-managing emotions-motivating yourself-recognizing emotions in others-handling relationshipsPerception-><-Self concept-><-Emotional intelligenceCannot have one without the otherUncertainty reduction theory-uncertainty is unpleasant and therefore motivates people communicate to reduce itThree phases in a relationship1. Entry phase-information (demographic)-communication is guided by rules and norms2. Personal phase-information (attitudes and beliefs)-communicate more freely and less rules3. Exit phase-information (less to none)-planning future interaction plans-mostly avoiding conversationTips for beginning conversations-introduce yourself in a way that gives the other person a way to respond to you-give the person a way to remember your name-small talk-social conversation in which the topic is relatively unimportantLook at the flow of a conversation (figure 7-2 in book)Social exchange theory-human interaction is like an economic transaction-argues the major force in interpersonal relationships is the satisfaction of both peoples self interest-weighing of rewards and costRewards and Costs-intrinsic-an intangible award of recognition or sense of achievement motivation -extrinsic-a tangible or physical gift given to you for an accomplishment -instrumental-sharing an apartment with another person. Pro-less money spent. Con-less spaceMotives for interpersonal communication-pleasure, affection, inclusion, escape, relaxation, control, health, cybermotivation-reciprocity-you expect to get things back from people. “I scratch your back you scratch mine”-reputation and influence-altruism and self efficacy-we all want to do the right thing because it’s the right thing to do-direct rewardSocial penetration theory (onion theory)-we have an inner core then on top of that we have our attitudes, values, and beliefs and on top of that we have a top layer (interests and hobbies) that doesn’t tell much about yourselfKey points1. Peripherals exchange more frequentlySelf disclosure definition-a process in which one person tells another something he or she would not reveal to just anyone-includes:-culture info-least personalsociological info-who we are and our roles in the worldpsychological-most personal and very close relationshipJohari windowKnown to self Not known to selfKnown to others Open BlindNot known to other Hidden UnknownSelf disclosure and fears (4)1. Fear of having your faults exposed2. Fear that your partner will become your critic3. Fear of losing your individuality4. Fear of being abandonedFactors that make up attraction to others1. Physical attraction2. Perceived gain3. Similarities4. Differences5. ProximitiesKnappa’s stages of a relationship development(Coming together)1. Initiating2. Experimenting3. Intensifying4. Integrating5. Bonding(Coming apart)1. Differentiating-I have found someone else2. Circumscribing-sharing less3. Stagnating-relationship is no longer growing4. Avoiding5. TerminatingTwo types of variable that influence relationships1. Transactional variables-control-trust-intimacy2. Relational variables-commitment-time-rules-immediacy-intensityNegative influences on relationships1. Aggressive talk2. Regrettable talk3. Criticism and complaints4. Avoidance5. Defensive communicationI statements (owned messages) and what they express-behavior-feelings-explanation/connectionOnline relationships have-media richness-available channels-asynchronous vs synchronous-anonymity-time needed for communicationCyberattraction-cues of attractiveness in the cyber world:1. Attentive and sensitive process of negotiation2. Simulated proximity3. Strategic management of the similarity of perceptions4. Attracting attention and interest5. Humor6. Self disclosureInternet and interpersonal relationshipsPositive effects:1. Support system for interpersonal relationshipsNegative effects:1. Social disengagement2. Internet addictionLecture 2-Internet and Interpersonal RelationshipsRole of intercultural communication-communication skills determine how well knowledge is acquired and appliedKnowledge class-as the internet grows the more information it has on itCulture definition-ever changing view, values, traditions, social and political relationships, and a worldview created and shared by a group of people bound together by a combination of factors-factors include:-religion, social class, race, ethnicity, language, location, common history, place of work, family traditionsCultural identity definition-the degree to which you identify with your culture-cultural identity is learned-factors include:-ethnicity, gender, age, beliefs, valuesStudying intercultural communication can help1. Understand your own identity2. Enhance personal and social interaction3. Solve misunderstandings, miscommunications, and mistrust4. Enrich the quality of a civilization5. Become and effective citizenPower distance-measuring social inequalityIndividualism vs collectivism (wants to see the group succeed)-examining the degree of integration and orientation of individualsMasculinity vs Femininity-examining the division of roles between men and womenUncertainty avoidance-capturing tolerance for the unknown-these are things we avoid-if you don’t want to know what is making you sick then avoid the factsLong term orientation-measuring the tradeoff between long term and short term gratification of needsHigh context vs low context-examining the degree to which most of the information is carried in the communication context or in the code or message-high context-info in situation, very little in verbal message, you know what to do at