Chapter 51. The steps of the Integrated Listening Model (ILM).- Listening Preparation - Includes all the physical, mental, and behavioral aspects that create a readiness to listen.- Receiving - the process of taking in, acquiring, or accepting.- Constructive meaning - complicated/unique process of making sense of the cues, signals, and impulses received.- Responding - Means using spoken or nonverbal messages to exchange ideas or convey information- Remembering - Done throughout the listening process and not just separate 5th step2. The four Styles of listening.- People Listening style - You are concerned with the other person’s feelings- Action listening style - You prefer precise and error-free information.- Content listening style - You prefer complex and challenging information.- Time style listening - You prefer brief and hurried interaction and let others know how much time they have to make a point.3. The six kinds of listening.- Discriminative listening - being sensitive to both verbal and nonverbalchanges—the sounds and sights of communication- Comprehension listening - Understanding what others are saying because you are aware of, grasp, and can make sense of the message.- Appreciative listening - means listening for pleasure.- Critical listening - You make judgments about what the other person is saying.- Informative listening - Your primary concern is to understand the message.- Empathic listening - Is the process of mentally identifying with the characters and experiences of another person.4. Gender differences in listening.- Women more likely to be people listeners than men.- Women are interested in relationships and networking and men are more interested in competitive communication.- When men and women talk, women are more likely to be the listeners.5. Factors in and barriers to effective listening.- Laziness - Avoid listening if the subject is complex or difficult and or it takes too much time.- Closed-mindedness - Refuse to maintain a relaxing and agreeable environment and or relate to and benefit from speakers idea.- Opinionatedness - Disagree or argue outwardly or inwardly with speaker, as well as becoming emotional or excited when speaker’s view differ from yours.- Insincerity - Avoiding eye contact when listening and paying attention to only the speaker’s words rather than feelings.- Boredom - Lack of interest with the speaker’s subject and daydreaming and becoming preoccupied with something else when listening.- Inattentiveness - Concentrating on the speaker’s mannerisms or delivery rather than on the message and becoming distracted by noise from office equipment, telephone, other conversations, etc.6. Define:- Cognitive dissonance - occurs when you feel conflict because you holdtwo or more attitudes that are in opposition to each other.- Anxiety - Disturbance that occurs in your mind regarding some uncertain event, misgiving, or worry.- Control - is the desire to have governing influence over a situation- Passiveness - involves the suspension of the rational functions and the reduction of any physical function to the lowest possible degree.7. Differences in poor and good listeners.Good listener Poor listener- Uses good eye contact- Is attentive and alert to speaker’s verbal/nonverbal behavior- Patient/ Doesn’t interrupt - Responsive, using verbal/nonverbal expressions- Asks questions in nonthreatening tone- Paraphrases/restates what speaker says- Provides constructive feedback- Is empathic- Shows interest in the speaker as a person- Demonstrates a caring attitude and is willing to listen- Doesn’t criticize- Is open-minded- Interrupts speaker- Bad eye contact- Is distracted- Not interested in speaker- Gives little to no feedback- Changes subject- Judgmental- Is close-minded- Talks too much- Self-preoccupied- Gives unwanted advice- Is to0 busy to listen8. Percentage of Time Devoted to Various Communication- Listening - 45%- Speaking - 30%- Reading - 16%- Writing - 9% Chapter 69. Factors affecting interpersonal attractiveness.- Physical Attraction- Perceived Gain- Similarities in personality and attitude- Differences in personality and attitude- Proximity or the close contact that occurs when people share an experience such as work, school, or play10. The 7 motives for interpersonal relationships.- Pleasure- Affection- Inclusion- Escape- Relaxation- Control- Health11. How people begin a conversation.12. Owned message- an acknowledgment of subjectivity by a message-sender through the use of First-person singular terms (I, me, my, mine).13. The three types of self-disclosure.- Cultural information - tell us about a person’s most generally shared cultural attributes such as language, shared values, beliefs, and ideologies.- Sociological - tells you something about others’ social groups and roles.- Psychological - which is the most specific and intimate info about someone because it allows you to know an individual traits, feelings, attitudes, and important personal data.14. The Johari window and how it describes self-disclosure.- The Johari window categorizes how we share/disclose information15. Social penetration theory - This suggests that closeness occurs through a gradual process of self-disclosure 16. Essential elements of good relationship- Verbal Skills- Emotional Expressiveness- Conversational Focus- Nonverbal Analysis- Conversational Encouragement- Care and Appreciation- Commitment- AdaptationChapter 717. Describe the stages of a relationship coming together and apart.Come Together Fall Apart1. Initiating- characterized by nervousness, caution, and a degree of hesitation.2. Experimenting- people make a conscious effort to seek out common interests and experiences.3. Intensifying- the stage where people spend more time with each other because they are happy, loving, and warm.4. Integrating- the point at which their individual personalities are beginning to merge.5. Bonding- were the partners make some sort of commitment that announces their relationship to those around them 1. Differentiating- the interdependence of their courting stage is no longer so attractive begin focusing on how different.2. Circumscribing-less and less information is exchanged.3. Stagnating-time of inactivity, no chance to grow communication becomes stale.4. Avoiding- involves physical separation or not wanting to interact.5. Terminating- partners finding a way to bring a relationship to