MMC 2000 Exam 4 Final Study Guide Chapters 9 10 13 Chapter 10 Date 1822 4 1800 s Technology 1st mechanical computer Importance 1822 First computer programmer 1942 Colloussus 1945 ENIAC electronic numerical integrator and calculator Charles Babbage created the first mechanical computer called the difference engine through a grant funded by the British government until 1832 only successfully built part one The later version was called the analytical engine a steam driven computer wanted a more accurate machine that could solve any math Neither were created in his lifetime All computers rely on binary logic or code everything has 2 particular states on off made up of digits 1 and 0 Ada Countess of Lovelace and daughter of Lord Byron Published a description of the Analytical engine and a hypothetical way of how the machine will work Left detailed test for the world to later find Code breaker machine made to break the German code enigma showed the ultra secret of the Germans Developed by the British Reduced information to a binary code so it could The first electronic digital computer be stored and manipulated 25 000 characters per second Brought on by WWII Was never revealed to anyone who could be captured by the Germans this secrecy kept Collossus from being significant in computer history The first full service electronic computer First giant computer could fill an auditorium Major asset to the military due to its ability to calculate quickly for missile trajectory Created by Presper Eckert and John Mauchly Based on the work of Iowa state s John V Atanasoff Made in response to Pearl Harbor 100 ft long 30 tons 6000 switches 500 miles of electrical wire and 17500 vacuum tubes 1951 UNIVAC universal automatic computer business and politics 1958 ARPA advanced research projects agency 1969 ARPAnet 1972 Email 1973 Protocols such as FTP or TCP IP packets 1st use of the term internet 1974 1979 Usenet 1984 Apple releases the Macintosh graphical user interface GUI Computer made for the Census Bureau First successful commercial computer even the average person can interact with it Programmed to make electoral political predictions Established faith in computers due to its extraordinary prediction of the 1952 presidential race between Stevenson and Eisenhower 2 versions of who invented it Department of defense most people agree on this one McLuhan and Licklider Can still communicate even if connections are cut The first network established networking Created to sponsor and coordinate sophisticated defense related research Beginning of the internet Connects 4 major universities through 4 major computers Created by Ray Tomlin Command driven Had to write up codes and commands for each function that goes along with sending emails Tiny pieces that make up an email called packets most important they enable the internet process break up files into packets broken up into pieces and sent individually then re pieced when received Similar to bit torrents or streaming Common communication rules and language Made the internet fast Coined by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn Modern social discussion board Created by Steve Bellovin Used for scientific and military purposes at first but then was used for social reasons Until programmer created alt Dot Alt used for the posting of social messages Reason that the social use of internet was born Keyword Socially used Before the GUI everything was based on code Steve Jobs and Stephan Wozniak people who didn t understand couldn t work with the technology GUI created user friendly options like folders desktops icons etc 1986 1991 Internet Relay Chat IRC Hyper Text Markup Language HTML 1993 Mosaic People who weren t aware of computer programming were now able to operate or use computers Allows people to talk in real time Synchronized no time delay Created by Tim Berners Allowed for visual interface for the internet This is the WEB visual you see what you navigate through The internet and the web are not the same The web runs he internet 1st web browser Named firefox organizes info on the web so it Free shareware can be utilized by any person Created by students as a class project Additional terms Binary code gives technology 2 options on off information transformed into a series of 1 s and 0 1 for storage and manipulation in computers Analog does not operate on binary logic but rather signals and their intensity is what gives information The modem is needed to translate from analog to digital Digital relating to or using signals or information represented by discrete values digits of a physical quantity o Relies on binary logic and code o A computer code of dots and spaces Ex Dots 1 spaces 0 capability to connect server and internet o Ex www fsu edu Fsu is the hosts name Hosts specific type of server that contains info available to Internet users Has the URL uniform research locator the designation of each file or directory on the host computer connected to the Internet The same for all because it s a standard people have agreed on o Ex www fsu edu the whole thing Domain type of environment you re in edu com etc Crawler a program that searches the web typically in order to create an index of Worm worse than a virus Is a malware computer program language or script written by someone that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers o Can be transferred through email that s infected with a worm found in the data coding o Slows down the internet and can destroy a network Virus has great variety Can make documents unreadable Only spread through human interface you would have to attach it to something in order for someone else to get it Some aren t that harmful o Ex ambulance truck driving across Professor Bunz s desktop screen What is a Cookie A file sent to web browser to keep track of user info o What sites you visit passwords etc o Normally only the site that has sent the cookie can read it They are used to gather info to remember a user to customize and enhance their experience o Ex When you begin to type your username a dropdown box creates the option to fill in all your info for you Doesn t include viruses but are used maliciously o They can trick you into using spyware which invades our privacy o They also are used for spam Reason for copyright Financial and intellectual Defines exclusive rights of intellectual property Assumption people should gain money for helping to progress society with their created intellectual properties o However if you paid every
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