Personality Psychology – Exam 1Psychoanalytic and Phenomenological Theories1) What is personality, according to Dr. Moreland? (4 Points)Personality is something inside a person that produces consistent behavior across situations and over time.2) According to Freud, two important components of personality are the Id and the Ego. What general principle guides the activities of each component? What cognitive process does each component produce? (4 Points)The Id is the pleasure principle that produces the primary process. The Id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the reality of the situation. The ego is the reality principle that produces the secondary process. The ego provides rationale and logic to making decisions.3) Why are defense mechanisms dangerous to use, according to Freud? What is the most common defense mechanism? Name and describe briefly three others. (5 Points)Defense mechanisms are dangerous to use because they require permanent investment of energy by the ego (ego strength). The most common defense mechanism is called repression, which is pulling into the unconscious. Denial is when an individual cannot come to terms with reality and will not accept the fact that something is occurring. Intellectualization allows an individual to stop thinking about the stressful aspect of a situation and just think about the intellectual part of asituation. Displacement is when an individual takes out their emotional frustrations out on less threatening things.4) Freud described four stages of psychosexual development that everyone must fact during childhood. Name them, in their order of occurrence.The stages are: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.5) What is the main goal of psychoanalysis? Describe briefly the following terms, each of which refers to some aspect of psychoanalytic therapy?The main goal of psychoanalysis is to recover lost ego strength by opening old wounds.InterpretationInsightWorking
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