Personality Psychology Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture Exploring the Unconscious: Projective testso Rorschach inkblot testo Thematic Apperception TestModel of the Mind: Structural components Id Superego Ego Anxiety Defense Mechanisms Denial  Repression Projection Rationalization Sublimation Displacement Isolation Reaction formation Outline of Current Lecture Therapeutic factors and processTheory and practice: Psychoanalysis Free association Early experience Dream analysis Transference Catharsis Interpretation Insight These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Growth and Development Psychosexual developmento Oral stageo Analy stageo Phallic stageo Latency stageo Genital stage Personality: types and fixations Oral personality Anal personality Phallic personality Erikson: Psychosocial DevelopmentAlfred Adler: Individual PsychologyCarl Jung: Analytical psychology Collective unconscious Archetypeso Persona, shadow  Anima and animus Karen Horney Impact of culture and childhood Basic anxiety and neurotic trends Penis envyHarry stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory Concept of SELFObject relations theoryEvaluationCurrent LectureTherapeutic factors and process: Working alliance and positive transference o Reliable, building trust) Ego defenses compromisedunconscious material accessedcatharsisinterpretation and insightchange and growthTheory and Practice: Psychoanalysis Safe environment/relationship (confidentiality, trust)o Structure—meet at the same time every week, therapist is always there on time and when they say they will beo Therapist “blank slate”—don’t talk to patient about their personal life, are someone thatthe patient feels comfortable projecting feelings onto Free association Early experience Dream analysis Transference Catharsis Interpretationo Therapist teaches patient how to analyze their OWN feelings Insight Growth and development  Erogenous zones (pleasure seeking) Set series of stages and conflicts Fixation—failure to resolve conflictPsychosexual Development Oral stage (0-18 mo)o Lips, moutho Crisis: weaning from bottleo Fixation—overeating, smoking Anal stage (18mo-3)o Anuso Crisis: toilet training Source of sexual pleasure, child feels pleasureo Achieve self controlo Fixation: Anal retentive—over organized, rigid, stubborn Anal expulsive—unorganized, less structured, type B Phallic stage (3-5)o Discovery of own genitalso Realization of pleasure from touching genitalso Crisis: Oedipus/Electra complexo Oedipus complex—for boys, envious of their father because sexually want their mother, have tension because of competition but realize their inferiority and so identify with their father, castration anxiety o Electra complex—for girls, have penis envy and are jealous of their father for being with their mother because sexually want their father, realize inferiority so identify with mother Latency stage (6-13)o Crisis: NONE Genital stage (13-?)o Crisis: reproductiono Focus from appropriate expressions of urges in mature wayPersonality: types and fixations if DON’T overcome crises at each stage Oral personalityo Overly dependent, want to be babied and taken care of, nutured Anal personalityo About CONTROLo Anal retentive—over organized, rigid, stubborn, overly controlledo Anal expulsive—unorganized, less structured, type B, too little controlled  Phallic personalityo Men—overly aggressiveo Women—overly flirtatious and sexually naïve Neo-Freudians—followers of Freud but broke from his strict teachingsErikson: Psychosocial Development 1. Trust vs Mistrust (birth-1)o Hope=ego strength developed o Trust that their needs will be met 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt (2-3)o Willo How much of the world can you control, allow children to express themselves 3. Initiative vs guilto Purpose  4. Industry vs inferiority (4-early adolescence)o Competenceo Children want to compare themselves with other people 5. Identity vs role confusion (adolescence)o Fidelityo Either develop a strong identity or end up confused of who they are 6. Intimacy vs isolation (early adulthood)o Loveo Being able to show emotions or feel isolated 7. Generativity vs stagnation (adulthood)o Care?o Raising children or being stagnant  8. Ego integrity vs despair (old, late adulthood)o Wisdom o Person looks back on their life in evaluationAlfred Adler: Individual Psychology (1870-1937) Social interest concept—optimistic and future orientation  Superiority/inferiority Birth order (middle child, oldest, etc)Carl Jung: Analytical psychology (1875-1961) Collective unconscious—shared reservoir of all human mankind Archetypeso Persona o Shadow o Balance between light and shadow sides  Anima and Animus o Anima—feminine side of maleso Animus—masculine side of females Karen Horney (1855-1952) Impact of culture and childhood Basic anxiety and neurotic trends—depending on how someone has socialized and how they deal with anxiety o Moving toward—interest in being accepted, dependence o Moving against—everyone else is hostile (don’t need anyone)o Moving away—neurotic detachment from others Penis envyHarry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory (1892-1949) Relations with others are key  Concept of SELF—feelings experienced and appraisal of being valued by othersObject relations theory  Main names for this theory “object”—caregiver Klein Mahler Kohut Kernberg Evaluation: look at Freuds Theory Context Complex—broad theory Broad Impact on field Contributions to therapy Difficult to test