MMC 2000 Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II Media Literacy III News Papers Outline of Current Lecture IV Cont of the History of the News Paper a Revolutionary Press b Penny Press c Modern Day Press V Constructing the News Current Lecture Brief History of the newspaper cont Revolutionary Press Mid 18th to Early 19th century Newspaper was not object very partisan They did not try to cover both sides of the story This period can also be called the partisan press period The alien and sedition act The newspaper was target towards the rich so it contained mostly shipping and business news Very political Penny press Early to mid 19th Century We start to move westward therefore more immigrants and schools are being organized which means reading is becoming more common Technology is making printing cheaper and faster Easier to distribute newspapers Shift in audience leads to shift in content As immigrants came in more and more diversity needed to grace papers The audience of the newspapers grew which changed the newspaper drastically providing voices for the voiceless Huge advance in advertising 1820 s Freedom Journals African American press o Fredrick Douglas started a paper called the Ram s horn o Also started the North Star very strong voice against slavery 1880 s more than 800 foreign language newspapers Newspapers truly become a mass media here in this period they begin to take the shape of the media we know today Important people during the Penny press period Benjamin Day 1833 The New York Sun o He started to write about the daily lives of people movement from the political agenda o He wrote about drunks gossip and mischief James Gordon Bennet 1835 The Harold o Starts new sections of the News Papers like sports letters to editors art and business Horous Greely 1841 New York tribute o Wanted to draw focus on improving society rather then gossip and mischief issues such as the ones in Bennett s and Day s Papers o Arguments against slavery improving democracy and giving rights to women Modern Press Mid 19th Century to present Inverse pyramid style was to rely the most important information first A lot of changes took place in this period called New Journalism during the 70 s and 80 s The technological advances allowed for larger headlines images writing starts to become professional Important people during the modern press period o Joseph Pulitzer The World The Pulitzer Prize o William Randolph Hearst The Journal Both worked to develop the professional aspects of the Newspaper wanted to focus on excellence Yellow journalism was the negative side of journalism used to grab the attention of audience This included stories that didn t have much research behind it but just seeks create eye catching headlines Richard Outcault was the person who drew the image of the yellow kid Muckraking A team of journalist who went to investigate the church the government and corrupt businesses and expose them to society This was good in that it seek to educate society Wire services The New York Associate Press 1856 The idea of pooling resources to get stories The AP receives money to go out and find stories and then give those stories to newspapers This is a way to save money however everyone ends up with the same stories These services became important during the 1890 s Other Associate press companies Reuters The United Press international The competition between newspapers started to increase because of the huge explosion of new newspapers Competition also begins to grow between radio and television We start to see monopoly and chain ownership when bigger newspaper companies begin to buy the smaller newspaper companies Fewer voices are being heard because bigger companies are sweeping them up Chain Ownership Companies Scripts Corp 1870 s Media News Groups the largest Owns 123 news papers Gannett second largest Constructing the News What is News News what is deemed to be newsworthy We have to apply news values in order to determine what is newsworthy o Timelines The most updated news o Conflict We like to hear about drama I E and wars o Impact What emotional hold the news has on us I E Earthquakes national crisis o Prominence Celebrities Important people o Proximity Location based reporting I E reporting on a local accident in Tallahassee in the Tallahassee news o Human Interest bizarre o Differentiating news from editorial News is objective while editorial is opinionated o Differentiating hard and soft news hard news is factual and soft news is suggestive information The point to be made is that someone gatekeeper is deciding what the news is So basically news is a construction because it is put together by a group of people deciding what to print and therefore what media content we have access to
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