Chapter 18: Immunity to Tumors macrophages. What are tumor antigens? Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 18-2; p.384Table 18-1: Tumor Antigens (From Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai, 8th Ed. p.386) Type of Antigen Examples of Human Tumor Antigens Products of mutated oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes Oncogene products: Ras mutations (∼10% of human carcinomas), p210 product of Bcr/Abl rearrangements (CML) Tumor suppressor gene products: mutated p53 (present in ∼50% of human tumors) Unmutated but overexpressed products of oncogenes HER2/Neu (breast and other carcinomas) Mutated forms of cellular genes not involved in tumorigenesis Various mutated proteins in melanomas recognized by CTLs Products of genes that are silent in most normal tissues Cancer/testis antigens expressed in melanomas and many carcinomas; normally expressed mainly in the testis and placenta Normal nononcogenic proteins overexpressed in tumor cells Tyrosinase, gp100, MART in melanomas (normally expressed in melanocytes) Products of oncogenic viruses Papillomavirus E6 and E7 proteins (cervical carcinomas) EBNA-1 protein of EBV (EBV-associated lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma) Oncofetal antigens Carcinoembryonic antigen on many tumors, also expressed in liver and other tissues during inflammation α-Fetoprotein Glycolipids and glycoproteins GM2, GD2 on melanomas Differentiation antigens normally present in tissue of origin Prostate-specific antigen in prostate carcinomas CD20 on B cell lymphomas CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; EBNA, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; MART, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells.Cells of the tumor response T Cells NK Cells Macrophages AntibodiesHow do tumors evade the host immune system? Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 18-3; p.390 Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 18-4; p.391Treatments for tumors using immunology Vaccines Adoptive cell transfer Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 18-5; p.393 Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 18-6; p.394Anti-tumor antibodies TABLE 18-3: Anti-Tumor Monoclonal Antibodies in Trials or Approved for Clinical Use (From Abbas, Lichtman, and Pillai, 8th Ed. p.395) Specificity of Antibody Form of Antibody Used Clinical Use HER2/Neu (EGF receptor, oncogene) Humanized mouse monoclonal Breast cancer (approved) CD20 (B cell marker) Humanized mouse monoclonal B cell lymphoma (approved) CD52 (lymphocyte marker) Humanized mouse monoclonal B cell lymphoma (approved) Carcinoembryonic antigen Humanized mouse monoclonal Gastrointestinal cancers (imaging) CA-125 (tumor marker) Mouse monoclonal Ovarian cancer detection GD3 ganglioside (tumor antigen) Humanized mouse monoclonal Melanoma, neuroblastoma
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