Combined Chapter 10, Chapter 11, and Chapter 4 Learning Objectives Define the following terms:Cell-mediated immunity Th1 cell Th2 cell Th17 cell Treg Interleukin (IL) Isotype switching CD40 CD40L Amplification Follicular helper T cell M1 macrophage M2 macrophage Fibrosis Defensins Cathepsin B Cross-presentation Granzymes Perforin Apoptosis Caspase KAR KIR Fas FasL Type II interferons Autocrine signaling Autoimmunity Hypersensitivity Isotype switching Inflammation Effector function Effector cells Major basic protein Allergies Immune surveillance Learning Objectives - Important concepts to know At the end of these chapters, you should be able to: 1. Describe the purpose, functions, and mechanisms of cell-mediated immunity. In your answer, please consider both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. 2. Summarize the functions of the following cytokines. What cells are they secreted by? a. IL-1 b. IL-4 c. IL-5 d. IL-6 e. IL-10 f. IL-12 g. IL-13 h. IL-17 i. IL-21 j. IL-22 k. IL-23 l. IFN- m. TGF-3. Explain characteristics of each of the CD4+ T cell subsets: a. list the cells which are a part of this subset b. identify the various cells that assist in their differentiation (and how they assist) c. identify the cytokines which assist in their differentiation (and who produces these cytokines) d. explain how their differentiation into effector T cells occurs (signaling pathways, etc.) e. identify the cytokines produced by each of these effector T cells f. explain the effector functions of each of the T cells g. list examples of infections or diseases in which each cell type is particularly useful for h. list regions in the body where each of the subsets of CD4+ T cells would be expected to be located i. please know Figure 10-4 4. Discuss the two times activation can occur with T cells during the cell mediated immune response and what signals are required for each. 5. Compare the three different types of signaling: autocrine signaling, paracrine signaling, and juxtacrine signaling. Which is used in the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into effector cells? 6. Describe how helper T cells assist with macrophage activation. 7. Explain the role follicular helper T cells play in CD4+ T cell differentiation. 8. Compare classically activated macrophages and alternatively activated macrophages. 9. Discuss the roles that IgE and IgG play in the cell mediated immune response. 10. Summarize Job’s syndrome. (Please see p.227 in your text under the heading, “Roles of Th17 Cells in Host Defenses”)12. Compare CTLs and NK cells in respect to their: a. effector functions b. method(s) of killing target cells c. how they are activated (and inhibited) d. receptor/ligand interactions e. cytokines involved in their effector functions 13. Compare the role of CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells in activating CD8+ T cells. Identify the cytokines which assist in this activation. 14. Describe cross-presentation including: a. the cell which can perform this b. the benefit of this process 15. Explain how a cell is targeted for destruction by cell-mediated immunity. a. the cells that are targeted for destruction b. describe the process of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, including important molecules c. the timeline of cell destruction d. explain how the immune cells are not injured during this process e. compare granule-mediated cell destruction and Fas/FasL-mediated cell destruction 16. Hypothesize the consequences of a defect in quantity or function of any of the effector T cells Extra Material: Please read pg. 216-217 under the heading, “Properties of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Subsets” to determine the chemokines and chemokine receptors each of the CD4+ T cell subsets respond to. If it is helpful, you may wish to make a
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