Chapter 7 Definitions and Learning Objectives Define the following terms:Extracellular phase Cytosolic phase Nuclear phase Transcription factor Transcription Translation Kinase Phosphorylation Phosphatase Dephosphorylation Transmembrane Ligand Receptor ITIM ITAM Coreceptors CD3 chain Immunologic synapse cSMAC pSMAC Cross-linking Ig Ig C3d FcR CD28 B7-1/B7-2 CTLA-4 CD4 CD8 IL-2 AP-1 NFAT NF-B BCR TCR Cross-linking Αβ T cell γδ T cell post-translational modificationLearning Objectives - Important concepts to know At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Identify and describe the events that occur in the three phases of cell signaling (in general). What are the consequences of receptor-ligand interactions (aka. cell signaling)? 2. Compare the T cell receptor (TCR) and the B cell receptor (BCR). Your answer should include at least the following: a. the components of these receptors b. the number of polypeptide chains each of these receptors have c. the downstream signaling effects of these receptors (what happens when these receptors get engaged with antigen?) d. how their signals are transduced into the cell3. Describe the structural components, function and purpose of ITIMs and ITAMs. a. What cellular molecules have ITAMs? b. What cellular molecules have ITIMS? 4. Compare the TCR complex and the BCR complex. a. What are the components and functions of each? b. How do they transduce signals into their respective cells? 5. Identify the coreceptors of T cells and the molecules they interact with. 6. Explain the difference between an T cell and a T cell. 7. Compare the functions of CD28 and CTLA-4. 8. Explain the structure and function of the immunologic synapse, comparing helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, including: a. which molecules function as activating molecules and which function as inhibiting molecules b. which molecules provide signal #1 and which molecules provide signal #2 c. which molecules serve as the receptors and which molecules serve as the coreceptors d. You should also be familiar with which cells each of the molecules are found on and which cells/molecules they interact with. A chart may be helpful. 9. Explain what a lipid raft is. 10. Compare the cSMAC and pSMAC including their components. List the functions of each of these components. 11. Identify the end product of activating the Ras-MAPK pathway. 12. Explain the role of NF-B, AP-1, and NFAT in T cell and B cell activation. 13. Describe the uniqueness of IL-2 production. What is the function of IL-2? 14. Compare and contrast the initiation of signals required for T cell activation and B cell activation. What does “activation” mean in regards to B cells and T cells? 15. Describe the structure of the BCR coreceptor and how it is involved in activating B cells. You should know how B cells and T cells are similar and different in respect to their structure and activation/inhibition (for
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