Chapter 14 Learning Objectives Define the following terms: Epithelium Dermis Lamina propria Mucociliary escalator MALT Langerhans cells Keratinocyte Peyer’s patch Paneth cell M cell Keratinocyte Commensal bacteria Opportunistic infection Antigen sampling Transcytosis Basal Apical Poly Ig receptor Secretory component Immune privilege Goblet cell Tolerance Follicle Leukocyte homing Lamina propria Learning Objectives – Important concepts to know At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Discuss the three different types of regional anatomy in respect to: a. their structural organization b. how each region contributes to immune protection (both innate and adaptive immunity), including the cells, cytokines, and receptors/molecules involved and their regulation c. the challenges each region faces due to their location and what they are exposed to d. specialized structures, cells, and molecules unique to each of these region and how they assist in immune protection (their function) e. the result of any defect in the structural integrity on immune protection f. diseases associated with each region that have an immune connection 2. Explain the composition, function, and location of MALT. 3. From a histology perspective, explain the structural organization of the digestive system. 4. Discuss the function and location of commensal bacteria and opportunists (it may also help to look at the section, “The Role of the Commensal Microbiome in Immune Regulation” on p. 302). Discuss the rationale as to why some bacteria are not seen as foreign. 5. Discuss the purpose, function, and location of M cells. 6. Explain the concept of antigen sampling. What cells can perform this function? 7. Discuss the process of leukocyte homing (preferential selection) in the gut including the role vitamin A and retinoic acid play in this process. (On your own: Discuss the role the sun plays in leukocyte homing – Figure 14-10)8. Compare the two mechanisms used to maintain humoral immunity in the gut (T-dependent and T-independent isotype switching). What is the result of these mechanisms in relation to product and immune response? (hint: what is found in the lumen?) 9. Explain the process of transcytosis, including: a. the purpose of transcytosis b. the mechanism of transcytosis c. the antibodies can use transcytosis d. the regions of the body that use transcytosis e. how transcytosis is different from receptor recycling 10. List examples of immune privileged sites. What does it mean to be an immune privileged site? (please note, you do not need to know the specifics regarding “Immune Privilege and the Mammalian Fetus” right now, although you may want to read about it on p. 310-311) 11. What is the blood-brain barrier and where is it located? Please look up the following information in your textbook: 1. Please read the section, “General Features of Immunity at Epithelial Barriers” on p. 289. What barriers are part of the mucosal immune system and which are part of the cutaneous immune system? 2. Please read the section, “Diseases Related to Immune Responses in the Gut” on p. 302-304. What cells/cytokines/molecules are primarily involved in these diseases and how do they contribute to the disease? 3. For this chapter, you are responsible for knowing the following diseases and how they induce an immune response: - Inflammatory bowel disease (p. 302-303) - Celiac disease (p.303) - Food allergies (p.303-304) - Psoriasis (p. 307-308) - Atopic dermatitis (p.
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