Chapter 5: Antibodies and Antigens TABLE 5-1: Features of Antigen Binding by the Antigen-Recognizing Molecules of the Immune System (From Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai, 8th Edition; p. 88) Feature Antigen-Binding Molecule Immunoglobulin (Ig) T cell receptor (TCR) MHC molecules Antigen-binding site Made up of three CDRs in VH and three CDRs in VL domains Made up of three CDRs in Vα and three CDRs in Vβ domains Peptide-binding cleft made of α1 and α2 domains (class I MHC) and α1 and β1 domains (class II MHC) Nature of antigen that may be bound Macromolecules (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides) and small chemicals Peptide-MHC complexes Peptides Nature of antigenic determinants recognized Linear and conformational determinants of various macromolecules and chemicals Linear determinants of peptides; only 2 or 3 amino acid residues of a peptide bound to an MHC molecule Linear determinants of peptides; only some amino acid residues of a peptideWhat does an antibody look like? Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-1A,B; p.89What are the functions of each of the regions of an antibody? Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-3; p.91Table 5-2: Human Antibody Isotypes (Modified From Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai, 8th Edition; p. 94) Isotope of Antibody Serum Concentration (mg/mL) Serum Half-life (days) Secreted Form Functions IgA 3.5 6 Mainly dimer; also monomer, trimer Mucosal immunity IgD Trace 3 Monomer Naive B cell antigen receptor IgE 0.05 2 Monomer Defense against helminthic parasites, immediate hypersensitivity IgG 13.5 23 Monomer Opsonization, complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, neonatal immunity, feedback inhibition of B cells IgM 1.5 5 Pentamer Naive B cell antigen receptor (monomeric form), complement activationThe hinge region Monoclonal antibodies Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-7; p.94 Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-9; p.96Recycling and antibody half-life Epitopes Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-11; p.100 Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-12; p.101Affinity, Avidity, and Valency Antigen-Antibody Complexes (Immune Complexes) Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-13; p.102 Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-14; p.103A brief review of changes to an antibody Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 5-15;
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