Chapter 4: Innate Immunity (Part 1) Overview The best immune response is a T cell response but, in order to activate T cells, we need the help of the innate immune system. We ALWAYS need the innate immune system. Innate immunity is: Innate Immune System Adaptive Immune System Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_From Table 4-1; p.53The innate immune system recognizes DAMPs and PAMPs (please see Table 4-2). Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-1; p.56The above PRRs are all examples of receptors found attached to the cells. Some PRRs are also soluble. These include: pentraxins (CRP), collectins (MBL), ficolins, and complement. Please stay tuned for more information later and also see Table 4-3 for more information regarding PRRs. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-2; p.57Activation of downstream signaling cascades activates the transcription of certain transcription factor genes, such as the proinflammatory cytokines, and antiviral genes which are responsible for producing interferons. Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-3; p.58The Inflammasome Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-4; p.60Innate Immunity Components Epithelium is found in all linings of the body including the digestive tract, the respiratory tract, the genitourinary tract, and makes up the largest organ in the body – our skin! All of these locations are excellent points of entry for a pathogen. Epithelium Remember: some epithelium has a coating of mucous, and some have cilia attached Phagocytes – Dendritic cells – Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-5; p.63Natural Killer cells (NK cells) – NK cells have granules containing perforin and granzymes. Mast cells – Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-7; p.65Soluble Mediators CRP Surfactant Ficolins Soluble Pattern Recognition Receptors Pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid Protein (SAP) Collectins Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Surfactants (SPA) Ficolins Ficolin Complement Complement proteins Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-11, p.71The Complement System The major functions of the complement system are: Classical pathway – Alternative pathway – Lectin pathway – Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-10; p.70Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 13-6; p.273 Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 13-12; p.279Important to note: Each of the pathways begin differently but are the same after the formation of the C5 convertase. Without C3, none of the other complement proteins will be recruited. Immunodeficiencies: Functions of the Complement System Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 13-17; p.285Chapter 4: Innate Immunity (Part 2) What can macrophages do? Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-14; p.78Phagocytosis Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-13; p. 76Protection against intracellular infections What can interferons do? Abbas, Lichtman and Pillai8_Figure 4-16;
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