65) ________ is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.A) ChangeB) StressC) InnovationD) StimulationE) CreativityAnswer: BExplanation: B) Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.LO: 5Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management66) Which of the following stressors is likely to produce less strain than the other stressors?A) confusion over job responsibilitiesB) office politicsC) lack of unity of commandD) red tapeE) pressure to complete tasksAnswer: EExplanation: E) Pressure to complete tasks is a challenge stressor whereas red tape, office politics, lack of unity of command, and confusion over job responsibilities are hindrance stressors. Although research is just starting to accumulate, early evidence suggests challenge stressors produce less strain than hindrance stressors.LO: 5Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management1Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.67) One of Carl's department employees was severely injured on the job. Carl has called in psychological counselors to talk to the other employees and scheduled a series of safety trainingsfor the department to be completed by the end of the week. He has also asked the HR personnel to talk to the department about the disability insurance that the company offers and make sure that his employees know what is available. Carl is using ________ to help cope with the stress caused by his employee's injury.A) demandsB) action researchC) resourcesD) innovationE) appreciative inquiryAnswer: CExplanation: C) Resources are things within an individual's control that he or she can use to resolve the demands. Research suggests adequate resources help reduce the stressful nature of demands when demands and resources match. Having resources to cope with stress is just as important in offsetting it as demands are in increasing it.LO: 5AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: HardQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management68) Political uncertainties, economic uncertainties, and technological change are examples of the ________ factors of potential stress.A) structuralB) environmentalC) organizationalD) personalE) socialAnswer: BExplanation: B) There are three main types of environmental uncertainty or stress: economic, political, and technological.LO: 5Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management2Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.69) Jerry is feeling very stressed because his boss expects a project to be delivered to the client within a very unreasonable deadline. Jerry has to work nights and weekends to make the deadline. Jerry is feeling stress due to a(n) ________ factor.A) environmentalB) organizationalC) economicD) structuralE) personalAnswer: BExplanation: B) Organizational stress factors include pressures to avoid errors or complete tasks in a limited time, work overload, a demanding and insensitive boss, and unpleasant co-workers.LO: 5AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management70) Family issues, economic problems, and personality characteristics are examples of the ________ factor of potential stress.A) socialB) environmentalC) structuralD) psychologicalE) personalAnswer: EExplanation: E) One category that creates stress is factors in the employee's personal life: familyissues, personal economic problems, and inherent personality characteristics. Marital difficulties,the breaking of a close relationship, and discipline troubles with children create stresses employees often can't leave at the front door when they arrive at work.LO: 5Difficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management3Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.71) Benny is stressed with the new corporate reorganization. He now reports to a foreign office that has usurped many of his responsibilities, including the contract labor for his projects. Therefore, he's working with new and less qualified contractors with whom he doesn't have a relationship. However, the managers of the other departments find themselves in the same boat, and every day they are able to laugh over lunch about their new managerial impotence. ________ is helping Benny handle his stress.A) Emotional contagionB) Cognitive dissonanceC) Social supportD) Time managementE) Self-efficacyAnswer: CExplanation: C) Social support, collegial relationships with co-workers or supervisors, can buffer the impact of stress. It acts as a palliative, mitigating the negative effects of even high-strain jobs. Benny is using this social support to be able to laugh at his new situation.LO: 5AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management72) Risa has to work long hours and sometimes weekends, losing out on family time. Risa doesn't find her long hours overly stressful, but rather she sees it as her contribution to maintaining her family's equilibrium and well-being and bettering her children's future. In which country is Risa most likely employed?A) VenezuelaB) United StatesC) CanadaD) United KingdomE) NetherlandsAnswer: AExplanation: A) A study of 5,270 managers from 20 countries found individuals from individualistic countries such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom experiencedhigher levels of stress due to work interfering with family than did individuals from collectivist countries in Asia and Latin America. The authors proposed that this may occur because in collectivist cultures working extra hours is seen as a sacrifice to help the family, whereas in individualistic cultures work is seen as a means to personal